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Began to emerge in the 800s.
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Was first described in the 800's, notated c.1000. Was a plainchant "melody" with an added melody.
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Guido d'Arezzo is credited with “inventing” the staff.
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Invented by Guido d'Arezzo
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Hildegard von Bingen was a poet, composer, teacher, and author and was the founder and abbess of the convent at Rupertsberg, Germany. She was famous for her prophetic and religious poetry. She was the first female composer in contemporary musicology to receive extensive scholarly research. Her style was more elaborate than the older Gregoria style.
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Leonin was the first composer of polyphonic music. He was credited with compiling the magnus liber organi (c.1170).
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From the morality play Ordo Virtutum ("Play of Virtues").
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Vaqueiras was from Southern France and served at the court in Montferrat (Northwestern Italy). He was killed in battle serving his patron in 1207 and wrote at least 35 poems.
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Vitry was a French priest and first composer of the Ars Nova.
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Composers and theorists began to speak about this "new art."
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Machaut was a French Priest and was the most famous composer and poet of the time. He had more than 20 extant motets and several extant chansons.
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Candini was a music theorist, composer, poet, and organist. He was famous because he was blind. He is by far the most famous Italian composer of the 14th century.
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"The Black Death" killed over 75 million people.
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Dunstable was English, but influenced musical style in Europe. Composers who heard his music were impressed by the “English quality.”
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Dufay was the first Renaissance composer.
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Ockeghem was very respected and prolific; also a low bass.
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Prez was the most revered Renaissance composer, esp. by Martin Luther.
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Isaac was a prolific German composer.
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Willaert was the father of text expression.
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Invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori.
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Tallis is an important English composer.
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Arcadelt was one of the earliest Italian madrigal composers who worked in Italian and French courts. He composed over 250 madrigals, 125 French chansons, and sacred music.
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Composed by Josquin des Prez.
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Monte was the most prolific composer of the Renaissance.
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Palestrina was the most famous Renaissance composer.
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Lasso ranks in importance with Josquin and Palestrina.
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Byrd was an important Catholic English composer working in Protestant England.
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Victoria carries on Palestrina’s style while working in Spain.
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Gabrieli was the leading composer of instrumental ensemble music and polychoral works in the late Renaissance.
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Pope Marcellus Mass was supposedly written to satisfy the Council of Trent and has 6 a cappella voices.
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Monteverdi moved music from the Renaissance style to the Baroque
and wrote 9 books of madrigals. -
Farmer was an English composer and organist who lived in London and Dublin, also known for clever word painting.
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Finest Organist of the Early Baroque and worked at St. Peter’s Cathedral, Rome. He greatly influenced J.S. Bach
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2 choirs of instruments – each in 4 parts:8 musical lines interacting with each other in polyphony, sometimes creating homorhythm.
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Composed by John Farmer and has 4 solo voices.