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Aristotle (Greece)----
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Studied anatomy through animal dissection. Early influence on biology and medicine -
Avicenna (Persia)---
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The Canon of Medicine
Major medical textbook used for 600+ years -
Published On the Fabric of the Human Body
Revolutionized anatomy with human dissection -
Andreas Vesalius (Belgium)---
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First smallpox vaccine
Birth of immunology; saved millions of lives -
Edward Jenner (England)---
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Promoted handwashing in hospitals
Reduced maternal death; early infection control -
Ignaz Semmelweis (Hungary)---
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Antiseptic surgery using carbolic acid
Drastically reduced infections during surgery -
Joseph Lister (Scotland)---
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Developed the polio vaccine
Helped nearly eradicate polio worldwide -
Jonas Salk (USA)---
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Discovered HIV
Paved the way for HIV/AIDS treatments -
Dr. Luc Montagnier (France) + Dr. Françoise Barré-Sinoussi (France)
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Discovered artemisinin for malaria
Millions of lives saved; won the Nobel Prize -
Tu Youyou (China)---
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Developed mRNA vaccine tech (COVID-19)
Enabled fast and effective vaccines for COVID-19 -
Katalin Karikó (Hungary/USA) + Drew Weissman---