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Hungarians Seklers and Saxons
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After the death of Wladyslaw only a national king could be elected
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Lajos to Mary Habsburg
Ferdinand Habsburg to Anna Jagiello -
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Was elected king of Hungary in 1526, by the Hungarians at Székesfehérvár
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Suleiman captured Buda and gave it to Szapolyai, making Szapolyi a vassal of the Turkish Sultan
Hungary was split into 2
1st unsuccessful campaign against Vienna -
2nd unsuccesful campaigh against Vienna
Turks were stopped at Kőszeg by Jurisics -
The 2 kings (Ferdinand and Szapolyai) mutually acknowledged each other
Szapolyai named Ferdinand his successor
Was a secret alliance -
His last wish was for his son János Zsigmond to become King of Hungary
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The confirmation of the Treaty of Várad
Ferdinand would fight against the Turks and unite Hungary -
Turks occupied Buda without resistance
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Turks captured fortresses around Buda and between Buda and Nándorfehérvár
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Ahmed: Temesvár (Losonczy István) marched to Szolnok (Nyári Lőrincz)
Ali: Drégely (Szondi György) Szécsény, Szolnok
Ahmed+Ali: failed to capture Eger (Dobó István, landlord of Eger, várkapitány, managed to hold out) -
Szigetvár (Zrínyi Miklós died) attacked by Suleiman (died earlier but was kept a secret to prevent the disintegration of the army)
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Adrianople: confirmed the status quo
Hungary was split into 3 parts
Habsburgs paid gift to the Sultan
Torda: 57, 64, 68, all denominations were tolerated -
Maximillian and János Zsigmond mutually acknowledged each other, the separation on the country became final, the Principality of Transilvania was officially declared
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His reign as the Prince of Transylvania acknowledged by the Habsburgs, he died in 1571
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At Vizsoly by Károli Gáspár
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1591-1593: Sinan Pasha's fights
1593-1604: long war
1604-1606: Bocskai movement -
The Habsburg-Hungarian troops captured fortresses in Nógrád (Drégely, Fülek, Szécsény…)
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Siege of Esztergom, Balassi Bálint died
The Turks captured Győr (recaptured in 1598) -
The imperial forces captured Esztergom, Visegrád and Vác + the Principality of Transylvania entered the war (Báthory)
Bocskai (leader of the Transylvanian army) scored a major victory over the Turks at Giurgiu (Gyurgyevó) -
Eger was captured + the Turkish troops defeated the imperial army in the battle at Mezőkeresztes → turning point ☹ (demoralizing)
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In the Principality of Transylvania
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Ottomans captured Kanizsa
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With Rudolph I who gave territories to Bocskai
Imperial troops were withdrawn from Transylvania
Protestantism would be tolerated again
Rudolph promised to put an end to the 15 years1 war Peace treaty between the Habsburgs and Ottoman empire
Turkish Yoke expanded again (Eger, Kanizsa)
The Habsburgs paid a huge sum of money, but they didn't have to pay an annual tax anymore -
Brought the golden age of Transylvania
Had strong centralized power
Monopolies on certain goods
Mercantilist like policy
Private mercenary army
Owned most of the lands -
Ban of Croatia
Student of Pázmány
Eanted to modernize and unify the country
He died in a hunting accident -
Between Ferdinand I and Bethen Gábor
Confirmed the Treaty of Vienna
Bethlen got 7 counties but had to give backthe areas he occupied in Upper Hungary -
By Káldi György
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Later: ELTE
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Montecuccoli Habsbrurg general at Szentgotthárd
Shameful: the winner asked for it
Turks could keep territories -
To overthrow the Habsburgs and elect a national king
Aristocrats worked to create this movement
Wesselényi Ferenc
Rákóczi Ferenc I
Nádasdy Ferenc
Frangepán Ferenc
Zrínyi Péter -
He suspended the Golden Bull and the peace treaty of Vienna
Started illegal trials against the barons of Hungary
diet was not convened and no palatines were elected
Hungarian soldiers were dismissed and German Imperial troops were stationed in Hungary
New taxes were introduced -
Sultan Mehmed IV recognized Thököly as the King of Upper Hungary (=Turkish, Orta Madjar) in 1682 → the Hungarian Kingdom was divided into four parts
Thököly assisted the Turks in the siege of Vienna (1683)
Thököly fell with the Turks in 1685 -
Ended the absolutism as a reaction to the Kuruc movement
The rights of the estates and religious tolerance returned -
Thököly fell with the Turks
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Pope Innocent XI, Leopold I, Jan Sobieski, Venice
Aim- drive the Turks out of Europe (first- Hungary)
(Louis XIV also agreed no to attack Leopold) -
Párkány, Komárom, Visegrád and Pest were retaken
Thököly’s state collapsed -
80 000 soldiers fought here among them 15 000 were Hungarians
10 000 Turkish defenders (Pasha Abdurrahman) -
The Hungarian estates (to express their gratitude to the liberators) gave up
1. the right to freely choose a king (Rákos, 1505)
2. their right of resistance (article 31 of the Golden Bull) -
Charles of Lorraine defeated the Turkish army
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Accepted the special political (3 estates) and cultural (religious diversity) status of Transylvania
Religious tolerance
Annual diets
Imposed tax on Transylvania and Hungary
German governor and general -
Eugene of Savoy won a decisive victory over the Turks
End of the imperial campaign to drive the Turks out of Hungary -
Lifted the Turkish yoke in Hungary
Temesköz was under Turkish administration till 1718
Transylvania remained separated