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100 BCE
epitafio de Seikilos
The Seikilos epitaph is an Ancient Greek inscription that preserves the oldest surviving complete musical composition, including musical notation. Commonly dated between the 1st and 2nd century AD, the inscription was found engraved on a pillar (stele) from the ancient Hellenistic town of Tralles (present-day Turkey) in 1883. -
Period: 476 to 1492
Middle Ages
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600
Canto gregoriano
The term Gregorian chant is a type of plainchant, simple, monodic and with music subject to the text used in the liturgy of the Catholic Church, although it is sometimes used in a broad sense or even as a synonym for plainchant. -
992
Guido de Arezzo
Guido of Arezzo was an Italian Benedictine monk and musical theorist who constitutes one of the central figures of the music of the Middle Ages along with Hucbaldo. -
1098
Hildegard von Biegen
Hildegard of Bingen, September 17, 1179) was a German holy Benedictine abbess and polymath, active as a composer, writer, philosopher, scientist, naturalist, physician, mystic, monastic leader and prophetess during the Middle Ages. -
1150
Léonin
Léonin or Magister Leoninuses, together with Perotín, the first known composer of polyphonic organum, related to the School of Notre Dame.
An anonymous English monk, known today by the name Anonymous IV, wrote a century after his death that Léonin was the best organum composer for the expansion of divine service. This is the only written reference we have of Léonin. -
1155
perotin
Perotín, called in French Pérotin le Grand ("the Great") or in Latin Magister Perotinus Magnus (also Perotinus Magnus and Magister Perotinus) was a medieval French composer, who was born in Paris between 1155 and 1160 and died around 1230. Considered the composer most important of the School of Notre Dame de Paris -
1217
Bernart de Ventadorn
Bernart de Ventadorn was a popular Provençal troubadour, composer and poet. He is probably the best-known troubadour of the style called trobar leu. -
1252
Alfonso X el sabio
Alfonso X was King of Castile, León and Galicia from 1 June 1252 until his death in 1284. During the election of 1257, a dissident faction chose him to be king of Germany on 1 April. He renounced his claim to Germany in 1275, and in creating an alliance with the Kingdom of England in 1254, his claim on the Duchy of Gascony as well -
1322
Ars antiqua
Ars antiqua, also called Ars veterum or Ars vetus, refers to the music of Europe of the late Middle Ages approximately between 1170 and 1310, covering the period of the Notre Dame School of polyphony and the years after. It includes the 12th and 13th centuries. This is followed by other periods in the history of medieval music called ars nova and ars subtilior. -
1325
Francesco Landini
Francesco Landini, also known by many names was an Italian composer, poet, organist, singer and instrument maker who was a central figure of the Trecento style in late Medieval music. One of the most revered composers of the second half of the 14th century, he was by far the most famous composer in Italy. -
1377
Guillaume de Machaut
Guillaume de Machaut was a French composer and poet who was the central figure of the ars nova style in late medieval music. His dominance of the genre is such that modern musicologists use his death to separate the ars nova from the subsequent ars subtilior movement.[1] Regarded as the most significant French composer and poet of the 14th century,[2][3] he is often seen as the century's leading European composer. -
1400
Ars Nova
Ars nova (from the Latin "new art") is an expression due to the theorist Philippe de Vitry that designates musical production, both French and Italian, after the last works of the ars antiqua until the predominance of the Burgundian school, which will occupy the first place in the musical panorama of the West in the 15th century -
1468
Juan del encina
Juan de Fermoselle, better known as Juan del Encina - in the current spelling of his name - or Juan del Enzina - in spelling of the time -, was a poet, musician and theatre author of the Spanish Renaissance at the time of the Catholic Monarchs -
1468
Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg, more known as Johannes Gutenberg or Johannes Gutemberg, was a German goldsmith, inventor of the modern printing press with mobile types, around 1450. -
1483
Martín lutero
Martin Luther, born Martin Luder, was an Augustinian theologian, philosopher and Catholic friar who started and promoted the Protestant Reformation in Germany and whose teachings inspired the theological and cultural doctrine called Lutheranism -
Period: 1492 to
Renaissance
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1500
Cristóbal de morales
Spanish Catholic priest and chapel master being the main representative of the Andalusian polyphonic school and one of the three greats, along with Tomás Luis de Victoria and Francisco Guerrero, of the Spanish polyphonic composition of the Renaissance. His music is vocal and sacred, with only a couple of exceptions. He is probably the best Spanish composer of the entire first half of the sixteenth century and his fame, which spread immediately throughout Europe -
1510
Antonio de Cabezón
He was a Spanish organist, harpist and composer of the Renaissance. He went blind as a child, an adverse circumstance that did not prevent him from having a brilliant musical career. He lived in Burgos. In Palencia he probably received teachings from García de Baeza, organist of the cathedral. -
1532
Orlando di Lasso
Orlando di Lasso, also known as Orlandus Lassus, Roland de Lassus, Roland Delattre or Orlande de Lassus was a Franco-Flemish composer of the late Renaissance. Along with Palestrina and Victoria, he is considered one of the most influential composers of the 16th century. -
1533
Andrea Gabriela
Andrea Gabrieli was an Italian composer and organist from the late Renaissance. Uncle of perhaps the most famous composer Giovanni Gabrieli, he was the first internationally renowned member of the Venetian School of Composers. He had a great influence on the diffusion of the Venetian style in both Italy and Germany. -
1544
Maddalena casulana
Maddalena Casulana was an Italian composer, lute performer and singer of the late Renaissance. She was the first female composer who had an entire exclusive volume of her printed and published music in the history of Western music -
1548
Tomás Luis de Victoria
Tomás Luis de Victoria was a Catholic priest, chapel master and famous polyphonist composer of the Spanish Renaissance. He has been considered one of the most relevant and advanced composers of his time, with an innovative style that announced the imminent Baroque. -
1557
Giovanni Gabriela
Giovanni Gabrieli was an Italian composer and organist, born and died in Venice. One of the most influential musicians of his time, he represents the culmination of the Venetian school, framing himself in the transition from Renaissance music to Baroque music -
1566
Carlo Gesualdo
Carlo Gesualdo, prince of Venosa and count of Conza, was an Italian composer, one of the most significant figures of late Renaissance music with intensely expressive madrigals and pieces of sacred music with a chromaticism that will not be heard again until the end of the nineteenth century. -
1567
Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio Monteverdi, whose full name was Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi, was an Italian composer, viola-gambist, singer, choirmaster and priest. -
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina was an Italian Renaissance composer of sacred music and the best known representative of the Roman School of Musical Composition of the 16th century -
Period: to
Baroque
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Giacomo Carissimi
Giacomo Carissimi was one of the most eminent Italian composers of the early Baroque and one of the main representatives of the Roman School. He was born in Marino, near Rome, in 1604 or 1605. -
Barbara Strozzi
Barbara Strozzi, also called Barbara Valle, was an Italian Baroque singer and composer. During his lifetime, he published eight volumes of his own music and had more secular music printed than any other composer of the time. -
Antonio Stradivari
Antonio Stradivari fue el más prominente lutier italiano. La forma latina de su apellido, Stradivarius, se utiliza para referirse a sus instrumentos. -
Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Vivaldi was a Venetian Baroque composer, violinist, businessman, professor and Catholic priest. He was nicknamed Il prete rosso for being a priest and redheadt -
Georg Philipp Telemann
Georg Philipp Telemann was a German Baroque composer, although his work also had characteristics from the beginnings of classicism. He is considered the most prolific composer in the history of music. Self-taught in music, he studied law at the University of Leipzig. -
Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer, musician, conductor, chapel master, singer and teacher of the Baroque period. He was the most important member of one of the most outstanding families of musicians in history, with more than 35 famous composers: the Bach family. -
Georg Friedrich Händel
Georg Friedrich Händel; in English George Frideric Handel was a German composer, later nationalised English, considered one of the top figures in the history of music, especially Baroque, and one of the most influential composers of Western and universal music. -
Henry Purcell
Henry Purcell was an English Baroque composer. Considered one of the best English composers of all time, he incorporated French and Italian stylistic elements into his music, generating his own English style of baroque music -
J Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn, known as Joseph Haydn, was an Austrian composer. He is one of the greatest representatives of the Classical period, in addition to being known as the "father of the symphony" and the "father of the string quartet" thanks to his important contributions to both genres. -
nannerl mozart
Maria Anna Walburga Ignatia Mozart, también llamada Nannerl y Marianne, fue una famosa música del siglo XVIII. Era la hermana mayor de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart e hija de Leopold y Anna Maria Mozart. -
Maria Theresia von Paradis
Maria Theresia von Paradis was an Austrian pianist and composer. Despite the fact that since the age of three she completely lost her sight, this was not an impediment for the production and work of this great pianist, singer and composer to not stop standing out -
Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer, conductor, pianist and piano teacher. His musical legacy spans, chronologically, from Classicism to the beginnings of Romanticism -
Gluck
Christoph Willibald Gluck , was a German composer , from the region of Bohemia , Czech Republic . He is considered one of the most important opera composers of the Classicism of the second half of the 18th century . -
W.A Mozart
Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, better known as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was a German composer, pianist, conductor and teacher, from the former Archbishopric of Salzburg. A master of classicism, he is considered one of the most influential and outstanding musicians in history. -
Rossini
Gioachino Antonio Rossini was an Italian composer who gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote many songs, some chamber music and piano pieces and some sacred music -
Berlioz
Louis-Hector Berlioz was a French Romantic composer and conductor. His output includes orchestral works such as the Symphonie fantastique and Harold in Italy, choral pieces including the Requiem -
Mendelssohn
Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period. Mendelssohn's compositions include symphonies, concertos, piano music, organ music and chamber music. -
Chopin
Frédéric François Chopin was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic period, who wrote primarily for solo piano. He has maintained worldwide renown as a leading musician of his era, one whose "poetic genius was based on a professional technique that was without equal in his generation". -
Listz
Franz Liszt was a Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor and teacher of the Romantic period. With a diverse body of work spanning more than six decades, he is considered to be one of the most prolific and influential composers of his era, and his piano works continue to be widely performed and recorded. -
Verdi
Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi was an Italian composer best known for his operas. He was born near Busseto, a small town in the province of Parma, to a family of moderate means, receiving a musical education with the help of a local patron, Antonio Barezzi. -
Wagner
Wilhelm Richard Wagner was a German composer, theatre director, essayist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas. Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works. -
Clara Schumann
Clara Josephine Schumann was a German pianist, composer, and piano teacher. Regarded as one of the most distinguished pianists of the Romantic era, she exerted her influence over the course of a 61-year ... -
Smetana
Bedřich Smetana was a composer born in Bohemia, a region that in the musician's lifetime was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was a pioneer in the development of a musical style that was intimately linked to Czech nationalism. Therefore, he is recognized in his country as the father of Czech music. -
Franz Schubert
Franz Peter Schubert, known as Franz Schubert, was an Austrian composer of the principles of musical Romanticism and, at the same time, a continuator of the classical sonata following the model of Ludwig van Beethoven. -
Musorgski
Modest Músorgsky was a Russian composer, a member of the group "The Five". Among his works are the opera Boris Godunov, the symphonic poem A Night on Mount Pelado and the piano suite Pictures of an exhibition. Musorgsky was an innovator of Russian music in the Romantic period. -
Rimski Korsakov
He was one of the most popular composers of 19th century Russia. He personified the nationalist current, in favor of drawing inspiration from folklore, and not from Western authors. He was a composer and also a sailor. -
Chaikovski
He is the author of some of the most famous works of classical music of the current repertoire, such as the ballets Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker, the Overture 1812, the opening-fantasy Romeo and Juliet, the First Piano Concerto, the Violin Concerto, his Fourth, Fifth and Sixth symphonies and the operas Eugenio Oneguin and The Ladama de picas. -
Chaikovski
Piotr Ilich Tchaikovsky was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He is the author of some of the most famous works of classical music in the current repertoire, such as the ballets The Sean Lake -
Dvorak
Antonín Leopold Dvořák was a post-romantic composer from Bohemia - a territory then belonging to the Austrian Empire -, one of the first Czech composers to achieve world recognition and one of the great composers of the second half of the 19th century. -
Grieg
Edvard Hagerup Grieg, commonly referred to as Edvard Grieg, was a Norwegian composer and pianist, considered one of the main representatives of late Romanticism -
Robert Schumann
Robert Schumann was a German composer, pianist and music critic of the 19th century, considered one of the most important and representative composers of musical Romanticism. Schumann left his law studies, intending to pursue a career as a virtuoso pianist. -
Puccini
Giacomo Puccini was an Italian composer known primarily for his operas. Regarded as the greatest and most successful proponent of Italian opera after Verdi, he was descended from a long line of composers, stemming from the late Baroque era. -
Gustav Mahler
Gustav Mahler was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation. As a composer he acted as a bridge between the 19th-century Austro-German tradition and the modernism of the early 20th century -
Debussy
Achille Claude Debussy was a French composer, one of the most influential of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Some authors consider him the first impressionist composer, although he categorically rejected the term -
Sibelius
Jean Sibelius, born Johan Julius Christian Sibelius, was a Finnish composer and violinist of the late Romantic and early Modern periods -
Schönberg
Arnold Schönberg was an Austrian composer, music theorist and painter of Jewish origin. Since he emigrated to the United States in 1934, he adopted the name of Arnold Schoenberg, and this is how he usually appears in publications in English and around the world. -
Ravel
Joseph Maurice Ravel was a French composer of the 20th century. His work, frequently linked to impressionism, also shows a bold neoclassical style and, sometimes, features of expressionism, and is the result of a complex heritage and musical discoveries that revolutionized piano and orchestra music. -
Manuel de falla
Manuel de Falla y Matheu was a Spanish composer of musical nationalism, one of the most important of the first half of the twentieth century, along with Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados, Joaquín Turina and Joaquín Rodrigo, and one of the most important Spanish composers of all time. -
Bartók
Béla Viktor János Bartók, known as Béla Bartók, was a Hungarian musician who stood out as a composer, pianist and researcher of folk music from Eastern Europe. He is considered one of the greatest composers of the 20th century. -
Kodály
Zoltán Kodály was an outstanding Hungarian musician whose musical style first went through a post-Romantic-viennese phase and then evolved into its main characteristic: the mixture of folklore and complex harmonies of the twentieth century, shared with Béla Bartók. -
Joaquín Turina
Joaquín Turina Pérez was a Spanish composer and musicologist representing nationalism in the first half of the 20th century. Manuel de Falla, Isaac Albéniz and he composed the most important works of impressionism in Spain. His most important works are Fantastic Dances and The Rocío procession. -
Stravinsky
Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky was a Russian composer and conductor and one of the most important and transcendental musicians of the 20th century. His long life allowed him to know a wide variety of musical currents. -
Heitor Villa-Lobos
Heitor Villa-Lobos was a Brazilian conductor and composer. His music was influenced by both Brazilian folk music and European classical music. He received some musical instruction from his father -
Johannes Brahms
Johannes Brahms was a German composer, pianist, and conductor of the Romantic period, considered the most classical of the composers of that period. Born into a Lutheran family, he spent much of his professional life in Vienna. -
Gershwin
George Gershwin was an American musician, composer and pianist. He is popularly recognized for having managed to make a perfect amalgam between classical music and jazz, which is evident in his prodigious works. -
Hugo Wolf
Hugo Filipp Jakob Wolf was an Austrian composer of Slovenian origin, who lived in Vienna during the late 19th century. An enthusiastic follower of Richard Wagner, he became involved in the disputes that existed in Vienna at that time between Wagnerians and formalists or Brahmsians -
Olivier Messiaen
is a French composer, organist, pedagogue and ornithologist, one of the most prominent musicians of the entire century. Both his fascination with Hinduism and his admiration for nature and birds, his deep Christian faith and his love for instrumental color were paramount to his training as a person and artist. -
Pierre Schaeffer
Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer was a French composer. He is considered the creator of concrete music. He is the author of the book entitled Treatise on Musical Objects, where he exposes all his theory about this type of music. He composed different works, all of them based on the technique of specific music. -
John Cage
John Milton Cage Jr., artistically John Cage, was an American composer, music theorist, artist and philosopher. Pioneer of random music, electronic music and the non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the main figures of the post-war avant-garde. -
Pierre Henry
Pierre Henry was a French musician, considered the creator, along with Pierre Schaeffer, of the so-called concrete music and one of the godparents of electroacoustic music. -
Philip Glass
Philip Glass is an American minimalist classical music composer. He studied at the Juilliard School in New York. His international recognition has increased since the appearance of his opera Einstein on the Beach. -
Philipp Glass
Philip Glass is an American composer of minimalist classical music. He studied at the Juilliard School in New York. His international recognition increased since the appearance of his opera Einstein on the Beach.