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Known as the "Father of Chemistry", described crystallization and distillation, and worked on citric acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, arsenic, sulphur, and mercury in his books called The Jabririan Corpus.
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Proved that lead or any base metal could not be turned into gold or other precious metals
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Along with his extensive works in the field of medicine, Al-Razi invented distillation to get alcohol, extraction of kerosene, modern soap, antiseptics, etc. He disproved potions and similar mystical ideas.
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Known in Al-Andalus as the best astronomer and mathematician of his time, he was one of the earliest to experiment on and create mercury(II) oxide.
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A scientific and philosophical giant of the Islamic Golden Age, he used steam distillation to produce essential oils for treating heart conditions.
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Published the pharmacopoeia titled "Kitaab As-Saydala fi At-Tibb". also known as "Book on the Pharmacopoeia of Medicine". It lists the name of symptoms and drugs in over seven languages.
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An Egyptian chemist known as the "Father of Femtochemistry", Zewail was awarded the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy."
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A Turkish biochemist and molecular biologist, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for mechanistic studies of DNA repair."
