Islam timeline By Samardeep 570 Muhammad Born Period: 570 to 1900 Islam the start of Islamic culture 610 Muhammad's First Religious Experience 613 Muhammad Begins Preaching 628 Muhammad and his followers take over Mecca 632 Muhammad Dies - Muhammad's Father in Law is appointed as caliph (successor) to Muhammad 652 Islam Spreads - Islam spreads into Syria, Palestine, Iran, Egypt and parts North Africa 661 Umayyads gain power - The fourth caliph to Muhammad, Ali is assassinated transitioning power Umayyads 711 Muslims conquer Spain for the first time 750 Umayyads control the region of Spain 750 Abbasids overthrow Umayyads - Abbasids were a rival clan to the Umayyads 756 Abd al-Rahman, last Umayyad prince takes over Muslim Spain 912 Abd al-Rahman III assumes power - He rebels against Arab leaders who had been challenging the authority of the Umayyad dynasty 929 Abd al-Rahman III proclaimed himself caliph 933 All of Muslim Spain united under Abd al-Rahman III 1000 30 volume medical encyclopedia produced 1258 Mongols kill the last Abbasid caliph - Mongols invaded Baghdad ending the Abbasid reign 1289 Ottomans (Turkish Muslims) start opposing Byzantine controlled cities 1290-1330 1453 Ottomans end Byzantine Empire with takeover of Constantinople 1520 Height of Ottoman power 1520-1566 1526 Mughal empire invades India - The Mughals conquered North and Central India 1556 Akbar the Great comes to power - This created a Golden Age for Muslim India 1588 Peak of Safavid Empire 1588-1629 1628 Peak of Mughal Empire - Led by Akbar the Great's grandson, Shah Jahan 1628-1658 1722 Afghan warriors invade and end Safavid empire 1857 Last Mughal Emperor exiled - This happened when the British gained control of India 1900 End of the Ottoman Empire - long reigns and success attributed to religious tolerance