Islam By Julie w 570 570 – Muhammad Born Period: 570 to 1900 570-1900 610 610 - Muhammad's First Religious Experience 613 613 - Muhammad Begins Preaching 622 622 - Muhammad flees Yathrib - Yathrib is later renamed Medina, this date is the beginning of the Muslim calendar 628 628 - Muhammad and his followers take over Mecca 632 632 – Muhammad Dies - Muhammad's Father in Law is appointed as caliph (successor) to Muhammad 652 652 – Islam Spreads - Islam spreads into Syria, Palestine, Iran, Egypt and parts North Africa 661 661 – Umayyads gain power - The fourth caliph to Muhammad, Ali is assassinated transitioning power Umayyads 711 711 - Muslims conquer Spain for the first time 750 750 – Abbasids overthrow Umayyads - Abbasids were a rival clan to the Umayyads 750 750 - Umayyads control the region of Spain 756 756 - Abd al- Rahman, last Umayyad prince takes over Muslim Spain 912 912 - Abd al- Rahman III assumes power - He rebels against Arab leaders who had been challenging the authority of the Umayyad dynasty 929 929 - Abd al- Rahman III proclaimed himself caliph 933 933 - All of Muslim Spain united under Abd al-Rahman III 1000 1000 - 30 volume medical encyclopedia produced 1258 1258 – Mongols kill the last Abbasid caliph - Mongols invaded Baghdad ending the Abbasid reign 1290 1290-1330 - Ottomans (Turkish Muslims) start opposing Byzantine controlled cities 1453 1453 - Ottomans end Byzantine Empire with takeover of Constantinople 1520 1520-1566 - Height of Ottoman power 1526 1526 – Mughal empire invades India - The Mughals conquered North and Central India 1556 1556 – Akbar the Great comes to power - This created a Golden Age for Muslim India 1588 1588-1629 – Peak of Safavid Empire 1628 1628-1658 – Peak of Mughal Empire - Led by Akbar the Great's grandson, Shah Jahan 1722 1722 - Afghan warriors invade and end Safavid empire 1857 1857 – Last Mughal Emperor exiled - This happened when the British gained control of India 1900 1900 – End of the Ottoman Empire - long reigns and success attributed to religious tolerance