Isabella and Ferdinand

Birth of Isabella of Castile

Apr 22, 1451

Isabella of Castile is born to John II of Castile and Isabella of Portugal in Madrigal de Las Altas Torres, Spain.

Birth of Ferdinand II of Aragon

Mar 10, 1452

Ferdinand II of Aragon is born to John II of Aragon and Juana Enriquez in Sos del Rey Catolico.

Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon Married

Oct 19, 1469

Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (second cousins) are married in Valladolid under a prenuptial agreement over share of power over land.

First Daughter Born

Oct 2, 1470

Isabella of Castile gives birth to their first daughter, Isabel of Castile and Aragon.

Annointment of Isabella of Castile

Dec 13, 1474

Isabella of Castile is annointed queen of Segovia after death of her brother Henry.

Annointment of Ferdinand II of Aragon

Jan 15, 1475

Ferdinand II of Aragon is annointed kind of Segovia.

Only (Surving) Son Born

Jun 30, 1478

Isabella of Castile gives birth to their one and only surviving son, John.

Second Daughter Born

Nov 6, 1479

Isabella of Castile gives birth to their second daughter, Joanna of Castile, also known as Joanna the Mad.

Third Daughter Born

Jun 29, 1482

Isabella of Castile gives birth to their third daughter, Maria of Aragon.

Fourth Daughter Born

Dec 16, 1485

Isabella of Castile gives birth to their fourth daughter, Catherine of Aragon.

End of the Reconquista

Jan 2, 1492

Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon defeat Granada, a Muslim Empire, and they are annexed by Castile, ending the Reconquista.

Alhambra Decree(Edict of Expulsion)

Mar 31, 1492

Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (Catholic Monarchs) ordered that all Jews be expelled from Spain and its territories by July 31 of that year. Ferdinand of II violated this treaty by forcing all Muslims in Castile or Aragon to convert to Catholicism or else be expelled. This was also used on the Jewish population of Spain.

Christopher Columbus' First Voyage

Aug 3, 1492

Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon sponser Columbus on his first voyage, which led to the discovery of San Salvador (now known as the Bahamas) and also led to the arrival of Europeans in the Americas.

Christopher Columbus' Second Voyage

Sep 14, 1493

Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon sponsor Columbus on his second voyage to discover new territories, which led to the discovery of several islands.

Christopher Columbus' Third Voyage

May 30, 1498

Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon sponsor Columbus on his third voyage to discover new territories, on which he discovers a series of islands.

Treaty of Granada

Nov 11, 1500

Ferdinand II of Aragon signed an agreement with Louis XII of France stating that Ferdinand would support French claims in Naples in exchange for getting territories for himself in the division of the kingdom.

Christopher Columbus' Fourth Voyage

May 11, 1502

Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile sponsor Columbus on his fourth and final voyage in a search for the Straight of Maracca, only to find themselves stranded on Jamaica for a year.

Battle of Cerignola

Apr 28, 1503

The first battle known to be won using gunpowder small arms, it was a battle between Spanish and French forces in in Cerignola, near Bari, Southern Italy. The Spanish forces, with 8,000 men, mroe than 1000 arequebusiers, 20 cannons defeated the French, which only had a force of 20,000 men, mainly cavalry and swiss mercenary pikemen, and about 40 cannons.

Battle of Garigliano

Dec 29, 1503

The Spanish and French troops were separated by a river, and had by that point tried to cross it several times to no avail. The night of the 28, Spanish troops went to work building a bridge out of boats and barrels, and sneaking past the view of the French, made it across the Garigliano. By the next morning, over 6,000 had crossed and they attacked. When the 300 crossbowmen fled along with 300 French troops, the Spaniards took over the town.

Treaty of Lyon

Jan 31, 1504

Ferdinand II of Aragon signed an agreement with Louis XII of France defining their controls over Italian territories. Spain would rule Sicily and southern Italy, and France would rule northern Italy from Milan.

Death of Isabella of Castile

Nov 26, 1504

Isabella of Castile dies at the age of 53 years old (reason unknown)

Ferdinand II of Aragon Marries Germaine of Foix

Mar 22, 1505

Ferdinand II of Castile marries his second wife, Germaine of Foix, after the death of Isabella of Castile. It is believed that he only married Germaine in hopes of having a male heir to separate Aragon from Castile and prevent his son-in-law Philip I and his grandson Charles I from inheriting power over Aragon.

Birth of Son From Germaine of Foix

May 9, 1509

Germaine of Foix gives birth to her only child, John, but the child died only hours after birth.

Death of Ferdinand II of Aragon

Jan 23, 1516

Ferdinand II of Aragon dies at the age of 63 years old (reasons unknown)