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Rulers called Wari Lords fell after a drought in 1100, This led local cheifs to battled over water. Scared, refugees fled to the cold, high elevations of the Andes. The farmers of the valley didn't go to war with each other and united. They were around Cusco and were becoming a state.
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Early inca can be traced back to 1200 AD with archaeological and historical evidence in Cuzco before the Inca were a state.
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After the Inca were settled down, around 1400 they started to look to expand. The ruler Pachacutec Inca Yupanqui started to plan conquest of regions to the south of them, like Lake Titicaca.
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Pachcuti Inca ascended the throne in 1440 and was the first reign of an emperor that can be comfirmed by scholars. He had a re–birth cermony in Pacarictampu and then walked to Cuzco where he put the Inca crown, the Mascapaycha on his head.
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Inca Emperor Topa Capac died in 1493.His son Huayna Capac took ever and expanded the empire to the lowlands of ecudor and Argetine border. He defeated the Guarni Indians. Huayna died in 1527.
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Spanish conqueror Francisco Pizarro came to the Inca Empire with troops in 1532. With Huayna's death his conquest of the Inca easier because of the civil war going on. He did this in the highlands, with each province.
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Inca Emperor Atahualpa was murdered by the spanish on July 5, 1533, and left the empire leaderless. His three generals, and only one, Ruminahul could even have hope to save the empire from the spanish. The general gaurded the highlands above Tombamba, the way to Quito.
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Ruminhahul's army of about 50,000 was defeated by a much smaller spanish patrol on may 5, 1534. Because if their horseback the spanish had a huge advantage, and could easilly move quickly across the marshy wet highlands.
