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1851 - The Liberal Reform is initiated, promoting secularism and modernizing laws.
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Alonso de Ojeda arrives on the coast of what is now Colombia, marking the beginning of Spanish exploration.
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1537 - Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada founds the city of Santa Fé de Bogotá, establishing Spanish presence in the region.
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1560 - The construction of the Sanctuary of Las Lajas begins, an important religious site
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1580 - The Royal Audiencia of Bogotá is created, establishing a major administrative institution in the colony.
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1600 - The Jesuits arrive in Colombia, significantly influencing education and culture.
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1690 - The first slave rebellion occurs in Colombia, highlighting the ongoing struggle against the system of slavery.
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1717 - The Viceroyalty of New Granada is re-established with Bogotá as its capital.
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1763 - The creation of the Intendant System, a reform to better manage the colony’s administration and resources.
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1808 - The Napoleonic Wars cause unrest in Spanish colonies local juntas begin to form in response.
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1810 - Colombian Independence Movement starts with the establishment of the first Junta of Bogotá.
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1819 - Simón Bolívar leads the Liberation Campaign and the creation of the Gran Colombia, which includes modern-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama.
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1828 - The Constitution of the Republic of Colombia is enacted, marking the official establishment of the republic.
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1850 - The Treaty of San Félix marks a significant moment in the consolidation of Colombian territory and sovereignty.
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1886 - The Constitution of 1886 is adopted, establishing a centralized government structure.
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1899-1902 - The Thousand Days' War, a civil conflict between Liberals and Conservatives.
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1903 - Panama declares independence from Colombia with U.S. support, leading to the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty.
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1930 - The Liberal Party comes to power with Enrique Olaya Herrera as President, initiating a period of reform.
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1948 - The Bogotazo riots erupt after the assassination of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, leading to a decade of violence known as "La Violencia."
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1950 - The establishment of the National Front political system, a power-sharing agreement between the Liberal and Conservative parties to end the violence.