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Adopting the Declaration of Independence on July 4 marked the birth of the United States. It declared the colonies' right to self-govern and emphasized principles of liberty and equality.
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The Treaty of Paris, signed in 1783, officially ended the American Revolutionary War. Great Britain recognized the United States' independence.
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Delegates from 12 states met in Philadelphia in 1787 to draft a new governing document. The Constitution created a stronger federal government with three branches.
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George Washington was inaugurated as the first President of the United States in New York City. His presidency set many precedents for the office, including establishing a cabinet and peacefully transitioning power.
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President Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, doubling the size of the United States.This acquisition opened vast lands west of the Mississippi River.
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The War of 1812 was fought between the U.S. and Great Britain over issues such as trade restrictions and Native American resistance. The conflict ended in 1815 with the Treaty of Ghent.
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The Missouri Compromise was a legislative agreement that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. It prohibited slavery in the northern part of the Louisiana Territory above the 36°30′ latitude.
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President James Monroe proclaimed the Monroe Doctrine in 1823. It warned European powers against further colonization or interference in the Americas.
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In 1845, the U.S. annexed the Republic of Texas. This annexation contributed to tensions with Mexico and led to the outbreak of the Mexican-American War.
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In November 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected as the 16th President of the United States.His victory, which opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories, prompted Southern states to begin seceding from the Union.