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1974 The then number one UK tour operator Clarkson went into liquidation
Due to financial issues, Clarkson, the top tour operator in the UK at the time, went into liquidation in 1974. he early 1970s saw a difficult economic climate, including the oil crisis, which led to inflation and tighter consumer spending. This made people more cautious about spending on non-essential items like holidays, negatively affecting demand. Consumer confidence was shaken by Clarkson's demise, which also increased competition and resulted in stronger controls. -
1970 Introduction of the Boeing 747 ‘jumbo jet’
The Boeing 747 also named as the "Jumbo Jet" was introduced in 1970, marking a significant turning point in aviation history. The Boeing 747 took off for the first time from Boeing Field in Seattle, Washington. Test pilots flew the aircraft for just over seventy minutes. It changed the travel and tourism industry as the 747 was instrumental in expanding international travel, promoting cross-cultural interaction, and more strength globally. That's why there are cultural shifts everywhere. -
1976 Concorde came into service
British Airways and Air France launched the Concorde supersonic passenger jet into commercial operation in 1976. Its flights were from Paris to Rio de Janeiro and London to Bahrain. Reducing the duration of transatlantic flights the Concorde transformed air travel. To cut transatlantic flight durations and enabling same-day flights between continents. It promoted business and luxury travel by catering to rich tourist. It raised the bar for speed and inventiveness inspite of its expensive cost. -
1982 British people made 20 million visits abroad
The surge was fuelled by rising disposable income the appeal of package trips greater AirTravel access. Air travel changes, such as the growth of charter flights have made international travel more accessible. This period saw the birth of mass tourism, which influenced travel habits for ages to come. It boosted affordable airlines extended package offers developed resorts in Spain Greece, Italy shaping current travel habits and establishing tourism as a vital worldwide sector. -
1985 Launch of Ryanair
it was founded in 1984 and began operations in 1985. It operated a single route from Waterford, Ireland, to London. Over time, it grew into Europe's largest low-cost airline, revolutionizing budget air travel with affordable fares. Ryanair transformed travel by lower the cost of tickets, allowed more individuals to take flights. It improved airline competition and increased low-cost travel. Travel in Europe was changed by its low-cost model which made short visits more affordable. -
1989 Tim Berners-Lee invented the internet
Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989, leading to the first website in 1991. This transformed global communication, business, and networking. The travel industry evolved with online bookings, price comparisons, and digital marketing, giving travelers instant access to information, reviews, and e-tickets. Hotels, airlines, and travel agencies moved online, making travel easier, more affordable, and widely accessible. -
1994 easyJet launched
EasyJet began operations as a low-cost airline in 1994, revolutionising air travel with low rates and no-frills service. It made flying cheap to millions of people, enhanced tourism and increased competition. EasyJet began activities as a low-cost airline in 1994, altering air travel with low rates and no-frills service. It made flying cheap to millions of people, raised tourism, increased competition, and grew European city breaks and short-haul flights. -
1991 The Intasun holiday company ceased trading
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1994 Channel Tunnel opened
The Channel Tunnel opened in 1994, connecting the UK and France by a 31.4m rail tunnel under the English Channel. It transformed travel and trade, allowing for speedier journeys and enhancing UK Europe economic links via Eurostar. The Channel Tunnel allowed faster and easier transit between the UK and Europe, boosting tourism and business. Eurostar offered rapid city trips, which reduced air travel demand. It raised UK-France ties opening up new travel opportunities for millions. -
9/11
On September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four planes, crashing two into the Twin Towers in New York, one into the Pentagon, and another in Pennsylvania. Nearly 3,000 people died. It reshaped global security, led to wars, and changed air travel forever. 9/11 tightened airport security globally, increased travel restrictions, and led to a drop in tourism. Fear of flying increased, airlines suffered losses, and strict steps such as TSA checks and liquid bans became usual. -
Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
caused a massive tsunami that killed over 230,000 people in 14 countries. It was a 9.1–9.3 magnitude quake, one of the deadliest natural disasters in history. Affected regions like Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. Many resorts were destroyed, travel bookings plummeted, and tourist arrivals dropped sharply due to safety fears and infrastructure damage. -
Global Recession
The 2008 Global Recession began with a U.S. housing market crash, leading to bank failures and global financial panic. Trade, jobs, and markets collapsed worldwide. This led to a sharp decline in global travel as people cut non-essential spending. Tourism revenues fell, airlines reduced routes, and many travel businesses faced losses or closure due to reduced demand and tighter budgets. -
Arab Spring
a surge of demonstrations in favour of democracy throughout the Arab world. It started in Tunisia and extended to Egypt, Libya, Syria, and other countries, causing significant political and social upheaval, civil unrest, and regime changes. Due to disturbances and concerns about safety, travel fell precipitously during the Arab Spring. While safer countries saw modest increases in tourism, popular destinations like Egypt, Tunisia, and Syria saw declines in visitors and lost income. -
Brexit
Because UK leaders could not agree on a separation agreement, the Brexit negotiations collapsed. Strong resistance to Theresa May's planned strategy led to political unrest and uncertainty regarding the UK's future relationship with the EU. Brexit created uncertainty in the travel and tourist industry because to worries about currency fluctuations, border controls, and visas. -
TV and Film ‘Set-Jetting’ - lord of the rings
The Lord of the Rings trilogy, New Zealand saw a surge in tourism, with fans visiting iconic filming locations like Matamata (Hobbiton) and Fiordland, boosting the country's tourism industry significantly. resulting in an increase in tourists touring famous shooting sites. Popular tours to locations like Hobbiton and Fiordland increased income and established the nation as a top vacation destination. -
T&T and Covid
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, began to spread over the world in late 2019. Healthcare systems were overloaded with lockdowns, travel restrictions, and health crises that ensued. Millions of people died, and economies suffered. In an effort to stop the pandemic, vaccines were created. Flights, cruises, and tourism are being halted by lockdowns, border closures, and health concerns. Revenue from tourism fell dramatically worldwide, and many firms had to close. -
Bibliography
I have used various of sources such as websites, YouTube videos and news articles. One website i have looked at was https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic this helped me understand what happened during covid. I have watched a video about 9/11 - 9/11: The moment the world changed 20 years on | Under Investigation by 60 Minutes Australia. Lastly, a news article about Brexit - by The Guardians