History of South America - 1945-2025 (Based on the history of the alternative world of 2025 book)
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In 1969, after years of prepearing, Flavio Ambrósio Bosco, a former politician who retired in 1963 and quickly became the leader of the brazilian communist groups, arranged a coup in Rio de Janeiro, the capital of Brazil. He imprisoned or killed nearly all government members, the picture is made by some locals as the police imprisons Carlos Alencar Barbosa, the minister of national economy before the coup. Bosco quickly formed a new government led by him and his son, Julio on 17th March 1969. -
President Bosco, who was travelling to an important meeting in Sao Luis, was murdered just before Metálica Bridge, in Teresina on 23rd December at 13.27 by Valentino Cadaval originally spanish local who was the member of the 'Black Parlament', a radical and revolutionary democratic group of young brazilian people. Not only Bosco but his son, Julian and his wife, Emília Antunes Barbosa also died and his Minister of Police Force, Tomás Furtado Braga was seriously injured and paralyzed by the wound -
In middle February, just after Aguardo became the next president of Brazil, Richard Nixon, president of the USA did a speech which made him famous and showed the american politics in the Latin American area forward. Nixon promised "every independent, democratic nation" in Latin America, that the USA will help them in every possible way, even with military intervention, if that's necesserary. The speech became famous as 'The Nixon Speech', but many miss it with the 'Spring Speech' -
In 1973, the brazilian government started a military operation named 'Operation San Francisco' in Guyana where took control of the government and captured all the important cities by September. In Autumn, peacekeepers arrived from Egland and France, but they had been defeated and on 24th September 1973, the President of Guyana claimed surrender to Brazil and President Aguardo. By the peace agreement, Brazil ceded the territory and created it a full state, but granted rights to guyanese citizens.
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In August 1973 Carlos Julian Tafalla, a Lieutenant General of the Dominican Army led a military coup against the government of Martin Escribano. The coup took place on 8th August, but was followed by the 'August Civil War' between 9th ad 21st August, where the anti-dictatoristic troops were defeated and their leaders all executed. Tafalla declared himself Supreme General and President of the Free Republic of Dominica and quickly started a friendship with the Mexican far-left and with Brazil. -
On 5th December 1973, President Pedro Amelio Aguardo met President Carlos Julian Tafalla in a small villa on Dominica to work out a mutual, acceptable agreement between the two nations. The meeting was highly secret, there was no media which knew about this before it was announced more than a year later, on 10th December 1974. Even though, it is considered a major meeting in the diplomatic history of Latin America.
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In 1974, Brazil decided to carry out an ambitious military attack against Venezuela called the 'Operation Santa Clara'. The Venezuelan government called-in the USA for help, who tried a counterattack named 'Operation Quince', but failed due to the Venezuelan army morale and the forces being overrun by the Brazilians. In July 1975, the US forces were withdrawn from the region, which made the Venezuelan president to surrender in August. A new puppet government was made, but no annexation followed.
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In April 1974, President Richard Nixon of the USA made a speech onto television, as an answer to the 'arbitrary and scandalous aggression of President Aguardo and the Brazilian government', where he promised a military aid for Venezuela as soon as they ask for it and he also swore that the USA will send military aid to any nation that fights against the aggression of Brazil. The speech became famous as 'Spring Speech' from his own words: 'Spring came for socialism, but shall come for democracy'. -
On 15th March 1976, the Brazilian Armed Forces marched into Surinamer territory, and under a single day, captured the city of Paramaribo and all the important institutions. this act of aggression caused serious backfire in the external affairs of Brazil, but later the SU stood up for Brazil, which could have easily caused the escalation of the situation, but Aguardo's death made the other countries forget about the invasion. The country's lands were annexed and transfarred into Guyana region. -
On 26th November in 1976, Brazilian President Pedro Amelio Aguardo made a speech in the Federal University of Amazonas in Manaus. Later on, he returned to his room, where he was shot and then hit several times. Aguardo's body was found at the evening, by his secretary. 13 people were accused of the murder, and 3 of them were executed, but no person was found guilty by evidence, but the police connected the case with the Sao Luis bombing. His successor was Miranda as Presient of Brazil. -
In April 1977, Brazilian President Miranda went to Cuzco to meet the peruvian communist politician Jesús Barrios. Their meeting was an important event that played a crucial role in the break-out of the Peruvian Civil War. We have nearly no information of the details of the meeting, but it can be assumed that President Miranda promised Brazilian military aid in case of an open rebellion or civil war. As the meeting was only announced later, on 3rd May, we have no picture of the event.
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In 1977, the Peruvian Communist Party, led by Jesus Barrios organized a rebellion against the democratic government, which led to an open-scale civil war between the democrats, helped by the USA, France, the UK and Spain and the communists, aided by the SU, Brazil, GDR and HPR. Until 1980, the democrats held the upper hand, but the head of PDP was murdered, which turned the tides to Barrios' side. In May 1981, the democratist troops were defeated, which marked an end of the civil war
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In February 1979, President Miranda of Brazil suddenly died of what was originally called 'food poisioning', although as investigations later showed it was possibly a poison made of some natural ingredients. So as the dinner where he died, Miranda's funeral was arranged out of the media (they say, he clearly requested this). Miranda's successor as President was Marcio Esteves Fontes (who was also murdered four year later), who tried to astrengthened Brazilian bonds with Venezuela and Peru.
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In 1979, Isabela Alemán was prosecuted and executed for murder, theft, corruption and spying. Alemán was a well-known reformist, pro-republican and a ferocious supporter of women's rights and press freedom. She was accused of the murder of the socialist politician, Juán Alvárez and thieving confidential informations about the government, which she tranferred to US Intelligance agents. Her execution caused massive protests, and raised many concerns about wether Brazil is democratic or not. -
As part of the American offensive 'Operation Pinecone', the American and democratist Peruvian forces captured the town of Pucallpa, where they massacred down 200-240.000 civillians and 90-110.000 soldiers, nearly all of Peruvian origins. The leader of the attack, Lieutenant General James Harrison Parker was announced to court for violating the law of war in 1984. The event was accepted as a massacre in 2001. The PCP arranged a memorial for the deads in 1981 and 1990. -
On 30th September, Cesar Carvallo, head of the PDP, the peruvian democratic party was baited into trap in the town of Espina by communist party member and Colonel of the PPA, Domingo Morillo. He was simply shot, but Morillo firstly denounced this as a murder, but as an execution for abusing power over local commoners during passing through. Cavallo was buried by communist soldiers into a common graveyard, but his funeral was arranged later, in May 1988, as an act of peace by the coummnist party. -
After the Peruvian Civil War, Bolivia was stuck between Brazil and Peru. After President Juán Berganza was elected, he found himself in opposition with Argentina and Chile. This forced his hand to negotiate with Brazil and Peru. After two weeks of negotiations, on 11th February 1982 he finally agreed to sign an agreement. This included to transfer of State of Pando to Brazil and a major part of La Paz to Peru. They also signed a trade agreement. The pact was denounced by USA, France and Canada. -
In order to maintain their power projection in South America and to increase their trade influence while reducing American, Brazil decided to declare war on Uruguay. The war was meant to be a quick attack, but English, French and American aid troops arrived. Even though, the Brazilians could gain the upper hand, thanks to the troops from Hungary, Germany and Romania. And then the American elections became problematic, so the US troops retreated which offered the chance of victory to Brazil.
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On 9th July 1984, a division of Peruvian soldiers marched into Ecuador and surrounded the Ecuadorian Presidential House and couped Ecuador. The new president of Ecuador became Jesus Barrios, who united the two titles, officially dismantling Ecuador. The former government fled to Cuba, and then to the USA after James Manor's election to the presidency. The US president, George Reanald and King Charles III of the UK also expressed their concerns about the astrengthening of communism in the world. -
In 1986, the tensions between Colombia and Venezuela peaked in a conflict as Venezuela, pressured by Brazil declared war on Colombia and invaded the country. The Colombian army quickly reacted, but could not completely push the attackers out. Soon, the Chilean Civil War hit in, and Brazil found itself in a dangerous spot, so they agreed into mediations aided by the USA, France and Peru. As an agreement, the counties of Ceasar and La Guajira were transfered to Venezuela for war reparations.
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In 1986, the Chilean communist prime minister Axel Villacres was tried to be deposed by the nationalist National Freedom's Front. Although the coup failed, it escalated into a full-blown civil war, where the communist party standed alongside Brazil, Peru and the SU against the nationalist and anarchist organizations and France, the FRG and Italy. The civil war lasted for nearly three years and over 380.000 lives were lost. The civil war ended with communist victory and the foundation of the CPR.
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On 12th August 1987, the Argentinian communist politician Jose Abellan was shot by anti-communist activists. The murder caused a warlike situation in Argentina, as the communist groups arranged rallies all across the country. Five days later, the Argentinian Communist Party arranged a coup against the democratic government. But the attempt was discovered by US agents, who sent the information to the government, so the coup failed, but caused a bloody civil war in Argentina for five years.
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As the communist coup attempt failed in August 1987, the radical communist groups declared war on the republic. This was followed by military interventions from the USA, UK and Portugal for the democrats and from Brazil, Peru, SU, WTO nations and even Ghana and Nigeria for the communists. The groups couped each other in 1988 twice, in 1989 once, in 1990 thrice, in 1991 six times and in 1992 once, until the nationalist far-right gained the power and defeated both sides, creating a new Argentina.
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In July 1988, Pope Martin VI - who was elected just three months before - made a speech, named 'Pax Omnium Gentium 'Peace of all nations'. The speech was a reaction to the growing tension and the civil wars in Latin America, and the escalation of the Korean war. In his speech, he talks about the importance of peace, and at the end, asks all leaders of these 'onfighting nations' to make peace and even offers papal help if mediation is necessary. Many connect the speach with his death a year later -
In 1989, the Brazilian army attacked Colombia at the zenith of 16th April. The fights concentrated at Cucuta and Santa Marta. After 15 days of fighting, both sides agreed, that peace is the best option for either nations. On 1st May 1989, the Brazilian president, José Arruda Ambrósio and the Colombian president, Salvador Maroto met to lay the terms of peace in Mayapo. The war ended in status quo ante bellum.
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After years of civil war in Argentina, the charismatic far-right fascist general, Juan Pablo Estina led the 4th Argentinian Army to the capital and quickly captured it, declaring himself President. Later on, it took him four months to clear up most of the country from the fighting communist and democratic units and on 23rd October 1992, he declared the National Republic of Argentina and elected himself as president, creating his party the National Argentinian Front (FNA). -
After they took over Argentina, the far-right junta decided to attack Paraguay. The liberal government was refused help from the USA, so they started to cooperate with the socialists. Brazil decided to help them, which caused four years of war. In 1994, Argentina nearly eradicated the full government and installed a military leadership, but Brazil captured the country next year. In 1996, Brazil was forced to retreat by the increasing tension in north. In 1997, Argentina fully annexed the contry
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In 1994, Brazil declared war on Colombia, after they accused the President of murdering Luiz Dias Melo. The Brazilian and Venezuelan troops crossed the border and attacked the Colombian defences with heavy lossses. The attack continued until december, and was halted until mid January. In January, with French and British volunteers, Colombia launched a counterattack. Further in 1995, both sides tried to attack, but without any victory. With Canadian mediations, the war ended in a status quo.
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On 11th August 1999, US President Arthur J. Leon was having a coffee in a small café in Atlanta, when was strangled by his scarf in the men's room at 11.23 am. Traces were found on both the scarf and the president's body, but the suspect as it turned out, was in Sacramento at the day of the murder. After two years of searching, the case was closed imminently by President Max Walsh. The President's successor was his vice president, Emilio Chepels, but the democrats still lost the 2000 election. -
In 1999, Brazil (for the fourth time) declared war on Colmbia with the plans of freeing the country from imperialism. But, the brazilian forces were stopped, but many people died on both sides. The bloodiest battle was the Battle of Magdalena which resulted in over 600.000 deaths. The USA also refused to help Colombia as part of their stop of 'democracy-export', which started a long term decline in Colombian-American relations. The war ended in 2003, in a treaty between the two presidents
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On the New Year's eve in 2000, the republican anti-communist politician, Lucio Ribeiro Alves attempted to coup the Brazilian government. The conspiracy failed, Alves was imprisoned and executed among three other main leaders. As it turned out, US President Emilio Chapels also supported the attempt, which caused serious ramification between the two nations. A year later, "evidence" was found, which was meant to prove that King Edward IX of the UK and his PM, Arthur Ingold also might be involved. -
In April 2010, President Justin Cambeiro of the Chilen People's Republic decided to give up his power and establish a more democratic system. On 23 April, he announced the enaction of the Chile Liberation Treaty, in which he passed large part of his legislative power to the Parliament and dated the first Parliamental Election to 21 May. Three parties took part: the People's Party of Chile, the Republican Party of Chile and the People's Federation. The results: RPC: 38%, PPC: 34% and PF: 28%. -
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