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Democritus thought breaking a piece of matter in half had to end sometime and called those particles atoms.
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Dalton did experiements with different chemicals proving matter consisted of atoms and came up with the solid sphere model.
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Thomson discovered the electron and presented a model for the atom structure (Plum Pudding Model) It shows the atom is positvely charged (pudding) and the negitive electrons are randomly throughout (plumbs)
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Einstein published the famous equation E=mc^2 proving atoms existed.
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Millikah's oil drop expierement determined the unit charge of electrons.
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Rutherford established the nucleus is the center and positive it is made of protons and neutrons, negative electrons orbit around the atom called the nuclear model.
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Bohr had the theory electrons do not spiral into the nucleus and he came up with the first model of an atom called the planetary model.
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Bohr and Sommerfeld expanded the origional model, it showed not only do electrons travel in certain orbits, but they have different shapes and could tilt within a magnetic field.
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Pauli predicted an electron should spin either direction while it orbits around the nucleus turning that into his exclusion principle.
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De Brogile showed what matter waves would be like if they existed. He added onto Bohr's model of the atom and in 1929 he received the Nobel Prize.
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Heisenburger had a theory called metric mechanics which explained the behavior of atoms based on math quantities (matrices)
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Schrödinger saw electrons as clouds and made a symbol/equation based on waves.
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Chadwick discovered the neutron and figured out it measures slightly heavier than a proton.
