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Perkins School for the Blind
Perkins School for the Blind, founded in 1829, was the first school for the blind in the United States. More than a century ago, Perkins’ founders were committed to creating equal opportunities for people with visual impairments. The school is dedicated to help young people with blindness and deafblindness by providing them with education and skills they need in daily life. It also holds community service program, courses, and training for students and professionals. -
Council for Exceptional Children
The Council for Exceptional Children, formed in the United States, aimed to advance the education and welfare of children with exceptionalities. This organization played a key role in advocating for the rights and needs of students with disabilities, promoting research, and providing professional development opportunities. It was created to improve the educational success of individuals with disabilities or gifts. -
Brown Vs Board of Education
U.S. Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren delivered the unanimous ruling in the landmark civil rights case Brown v. Board of Education which sanctioned segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment and was therefore unconstitutional. This ruling ended the "separate but equal" precedent set by the Supreme Court nearly 60 years earlier. Congress has subsequently regarded Brown as equally important in prohibiting segregation on the basis of disability. -
Special Olympics World Summer Games
The first Special Olympics competition was held in Chicago’s Soldier Field for young people with intellectual disabilities. Kennedy Foundation Director Eunice Kennedy Shriver helped establish Special Olympics as an essential part of our modern history. Within the next year, a number of Special Olympics programs formed across the U.S. and in Canada. Today, more than five million athletes train and compete in more than 100,000 events each year and in 172 nations. -
Mills vs. Board of Education
In Mills vs. Board of Education of District of Columbia, a court ruled that students with disabilities have the right to a free and appropriate education, regardless of their disability. The decision solidified the rights of students with disabilities in accessing quality education. Mills held that no child could be denied a public education because of "mental, behavioral, physical, or emotional handicaps or deficiencies."
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Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) principle
The principle of the Least Restrictive Environment emphasizes that kids who get special education should be in the same classrooms as other kids as much as possible. Students with disabilities should receive their education alongside their peers without disabilities to the
maximum extent appropriate. LRE involves making program decisions about what services and supports a student needs to be successful and where and how those services and supports can be provided effectively. -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
The Americans with Disabilities Act is a federal civil rights law that protects people with disabilities from discrimination in most settings. The law protects anyone with a physical or mental condition that “substantially limits one or more major life activities.” The law applies to the government, schools, and employers with 15 or more employees. It also applies to anyone who offers goods and services to the public. This -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) enacted
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is the nation`s special education law that gives rights and protections to kids with disabilities and their parents. The stated purpose of the IDEA is to to ensure that all children with disabilities have available to them a free appropriate public education that meets their needs and ensure that the rights of children with disabilities and parents of such children are protected.
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No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) signed into law
The No Child Left Behind Act aimed to improve educational outcomes for all students, including those with disabilities. This law effectively scaled up the federal role in holding schools accountable for students` outcomes. NCLB focuses on ensuring that states and schools boost the performance of certain groups of students, such as students in special education whose achievement trails their peers. If the schools didn`t comply with the new requirements, they were at risk of losing funding. -
Response to intervention (RTI)
Response to intervention (RTI) aims to identify struggling students early on and give them the support they need to thrive in school. The goal is for the school to intervene, or step in, and start helping before a student falls really far behind. Teachers can create interventions to help struggling students catch up. An important part of RTI is measuring progress and providing more support to kids who need it.