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Early Spirits
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Prayer, blood letting, exorcism, and amputation -
Digitalis- For Heart
Quinine- Digestion
Belladonna and atropine- Nausea
Morphine- Pain Medicine -
Were the earliest to keep accurate health records. The priest took on the role as physicians and used medicines to heal disease. They also learned about splinting fractures and treated some disorders by bloodletting by utilizing leeches.
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Were the first civilization to use primitive acupuncture therapies therapies. They learned that these practices could treat a variety of illness and diease with acupuncture therapies. This developed into the advance practice of Chinese acupuncture, and is still used today.
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The Romans were the first to begin to organize medicine. Additionally, they also were the first to prioritise sanitisation by wearing masks. Physicians during this time would keep a room in their house for the ill, creating the first hospitals.
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During this time, the churches power was at its peak. The church believed that death was in the hands of God, therefore, medicine wasn’t studied.
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Due to the importance of religion at that time, the primary treatment was prayer. Medication consisted of herbal mixtures. -
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They were the first to study the cause of disease and determined that illnesses could potentially have natural causes instead of spiritual causes. Also, during ancient times, Religious customs did not allow bodies to be dissected. The father of medicine, Hippocrates, wrote the standards of ethics called the Oath of Hippocrates.
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The Bubonic Plaque is the most notable epidemic during the Middle Ages. This disease alone killed over 60 million. -
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The renaissance translates to, “rebirth.” During this period, universities became more developed, it became socially acceptable to dissect for medical research, and the development of the printing press allowed greater access to knowledge because it allowed books to be copied faster.
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He studied and recorded anatomy of the human body.
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Discovered the fallopian tubes. -
Discovered the Eustachian tube.
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He used his knowledge to understand physiology and was able to describe the circulation of blood pumping in the heart.
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Invented the microscope, which was a breakthrough in the world of science because it established that there is life that is smaller than the eye can see.
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Apothecaries were early pharmacists.
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Discovered bifocals and discovered that the cold cans be passed from person to person.
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Attended lectures, directed humans bodies for learning, and assisted at bedside. -
Discovered the element of oxygen.
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Discovered the method of vaccination for small pox. This led to the creation of preventative health in public medicine.
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Invented the stethoscope. Originally, it was made out of wood and allowed doctors to determine if a disease was present in a patient by listening to their heart and lungs.
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Discovered the cause of childbed fever. He also proposed hygienic practices in medicine. -
The first modern day nurse. Changed the role of nurses the the quality of healthcare for patients.
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The father of microbiology.
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Discovered that some diseases were caused by microorganisms, like rabies and chickenpox.
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He used carbolic acid on wounds to kills germs that caused infections. He became the first doctor to use an antiseptic.
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He developed asepsis and a method to keep an area germ-free before and during surgery. -
Advocated the importance of cleanliness and sanitation in preventing the spread of disease. Additionally, he discovered many disease-causing organisms.
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His advancements brought about the use of chemicals to fight diseases caused by microorganisms.
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He discovered X-Rays, which aided doctors in the diagnosis and treatment of patients.
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During the 19th century, early physicians discovered that nitrous oxide, ether, and chloroform put patients unconscious and allowed for a painless surgery.
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Discovered that penicillin has the ability to kill life-threatening bacteria. -
Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind. He determined that ultimately the body and mind work together. This is the basis of phycology and psychiatry.
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Discovered sulfonamide compounds which were the first medications effective in killing bacteria.
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Discovered that the dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis which paralyzed thousands of people each year.
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Used a live polio virus vaccine, which is more effective. This vaccine is now used to immunize babies against the disease.
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Discovered the structure of DNA. -
Preformed the worlds first, successful heart transplant.
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Became a trailblazer in separating Siamese twins by preforming hemisphearectomies.
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Surgeries what were once not possible though the traditional method are now possible through a minimally invasive technique by using a cyberkife. The concept was invented by Dr. John Adler.
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An artificial organ is a man-made device that is implanted, or integrated, into a human to replace a natural organ. Invented by Willem J. Kolff. -
Scientists can now modify DNA sequences to offer treatments for genetic disorders.
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Once, lobotomies were treatment for depression that left patients seriously mangled with little to no effectiveness. Now, deep brain stimulation offers patients who may not of been successful at overcoming depression with medication and therapy a chance for managing the condition in a whole new way.
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Rare genetic diseases, like Luxtruna, were once unable to be treated, but with the breakthrough of gene therapy, doctors can start treating these conditions at the source.