History of Education By gesove01 1635 First public school opens in Boston 1647 Law passed that towns must have schools 1779 Thomas Jefferson suggests free education for all kids 1837 Horace Mann starts improving public schools 1867 U.S. Department of Education is created 1896 Law allows separate schools for Black and white students 1954 Segregation in schools becomes illegal 1972 Boys and girls get equal rights in school sports and classes 2001 New law created to help all students succeed 2020 Schools move online because of COVID-19