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📌 Berlin, Germany
- Nazis surrender on the Eastern Front following the Soviet liberation of Prague.
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📌 Los Alamos, USA
- US tests the first ever atomic bomb, codenamed Trinity Test.
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📌 Hiroshima, Japan
- USA drops first ever atomic bomb.
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📌 Nagasaki, Japan
- USA drops second ever atomic bomb, forcing the Japanese to surrender just days later.
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📌 Tokyo, Japan
- Emperor Hirohito surrenders unconditionally to the US.
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Union of UK and US zones in Germany, aimed to enhance coordination between the zones and deepen ties with the West.
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📌 Washington DC, USA
- US declaration to completely end isolationism and aid democratic countries under threat of authoritarianism.
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📌 Poland
- Organisation intended to coordinate between the communist parties across Europe.
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📌 Europe
- US economic support to rebuild economies and infrastructure of European countries.
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📌 Prague, Czechoslovakia
- Klement Gottwald is elected as the first Communist leader of the country, with Soviet backing.
- Gottwald implements Stalinist policies, including the nationalisation of farms, censorship and jailing and purging of political opponents.
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📌 Bizonia
- Deutschmark is adopted as currency of Bizonia, 2 days after which Trizonia is formed.
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Union of UK and US (Bizonia) and French zones in Germany, aimed to enhance coordination between the zones and deepen ties with the West.
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📌 Moscow, USSR
- Organisation intended to aid Communist countries economically.
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📌 Washington DC, USA
- Military alliance bringing the US and its allies together.
- Article 5: if one member is attacked, all other members must come to its defence.
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The larger of the two German countries, with a stronger economy, larger population and capitalist society, allied with the West.
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📌 Kazakhstan, USSR
- USSR tests its first atomic bomb, becoming the second country to successfully build and test an atomic bomb.
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The smaller of the two German countries, with a much weaker economy, smaller population and communist society, one of the Soviet satellite states.
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📌 Korean Peninsula
- 3 year war between capitalist South Korea (supported by the USA) and communist North Korea (supported by the USSR and China).
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📌 Washington DC, USA
- Dwight D. Eisenhower inaugurated.
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📌 Moscow, USSR
- Stalin dies, leaving no successor.
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📌 Moscow, USSR
- 6 months after Stalin dies, Khrushchev is elected as leader of the Soviet Union.
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📌 Prague, Czechoslovakia
- Antonín Novotný is elected as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, becoming leader of the country, replacing Klement Gottwald.
- Novotný keeps the media censored and implements hardline policies meant to kept the country close to the USSR.
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📌 Bikini Atoll, USA
- US tests hydrogen bomb, resulting in the largest US nuclear test ever.
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[EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE] 📌 Pacific Ocean | Japan
- Nuclear fallout from a nuke test in the Pacific caused a boat full of Japanese fishermen to become ill, with one man dying.
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📌 Manila, Philippines
- SEATO defence treaty signed, leading to the institution of the alliance a year after.
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[EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE] 📌 Vienna, Austria
- All 4 Austrian zones (French, UK, US and Soviet) reunified.
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📌 West Germany
- West Germany joins NATO, triggering the creation of the Warsaw Pact.
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📌 Warsaw, Poland
- Soviet response to NATO, bringing the USSR and its satellite states into a military alliance.
- If one member is attacked, all other members must come to its defence.
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📌 Kazakhstan, USSR
- USSR tests its first hydrogen bomb.
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📌 Poznań, Poland
- Protests in Poland give courage to Czechoslovakians to protests later.
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📌 Budapest, Hungary
- Imre Nagy is elected as leader of Hungary, a few months after Rákosi was kicked out of power.
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📌 Los Alamos, USA
- US tests their first ever ICBM.
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📌 Russia, USSR
- USSR tests their first ever ICBM.
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[EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE] 📌 Beijing, China
- Khrushchev visits Beijing to talk to Mao.
- Highlights Sino-Soviet split.
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📌 Russia, USSR
- US U2 spy plane shot down over Russia.
- Gary Powers, pilot, interrogated and tortured, admits to spying.
- US states it was a weather surveillance plane, refuses to admit guilt or apologise.
- Contributes to failure of Paris Summit.
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📌 Russia, USSR
- U2 spy plane shot down over Russia, pilot Gary Powers interrogated and tortured.
- U2 spy plane causes tension and collapse of Paris Summit.
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The deterioration of relations between China under Mao Zedong and the USSR, beginning in 1961 and lasting until the early 1990s.
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📌 East Berlin, East Germany
- String of barbed wire between East and West Berlin set out by East German forces.
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📌 East Berlin, East Germany
- Wall between East and West Berlin constructed by East German forces.
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📌 Bay of Pigs, Cuba
- 1400 US-backed Cuban exiles attempt to invade Cuba and overthrow Communist government.
- 20,000 Cubans soldiers waiting, aware of pending invasion. Exiles are captured and killed.
- No US army or navy support, contributing to failed invasion.
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📌 Berlin Wall, East Germany
- Peter Fechter attempts to cross the Berlin Wall and is shot by East German guards. He is left to die.
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📌 Cuba
- 13-day naval blockade of Cuba.
- US concern over increasing Soviet militarisation of Cuba and of missiles reaching major US cities.
- Telegrams between US and USSR agree on the US removing their nukes from Italy and Turkey and USSR to remove nukes from Cuba.
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📌 Berlin, West Germany
- JFK delivers a speech to the West Berlin population emphasising his support for the West German cause.
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📌 Moscow, USSR
- Prohibition of all nuclear tests except those conducted underground.
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📌 Washington DC, USA - Moscow, Russia
- Hotline established between Oval Office and Kremlin, designed to ease interaction between US and Russian president in the case of a crisis.
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📌 London, UK | Washington DC, USA | Moscow, Russia
- Limits where nuclear weapons can be tested to only underground.
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📌 Dallas, USA
- JFK is assassinated in Dallas.
- Lydon B. Johnson, Vice President, is sworn in as president just over 2 hours later.
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📌 Moscow, USSR
- Khrushchev is deposed following unpopularity over the handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis and domestic failures.
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[EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE] 📌 Xinjiang, China
- China tests their first atomic bomb, becoming the 5th nuclear state.
- China follows a no-first-use policy.
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📌 London, UK | Washington DC, USA | Moscow, Russia
- International treaty designed to prevent militarisation of celestial bodies and military activity in space.
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📌 Prague, Czechoslovakia
- Alexander Dubček is elected as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, becoming leader of the country, replacing Antonín Novotný.
- Dubček begins to introduce reforms to attempt to distance the country from the USSR.
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📌 Czechoslovakia
- Period of protests from when Dubček was elected until the invasion of Czechoslovakia.
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[EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE] 📌 Memphis, USA
- MLK Jr assassinated, sparking protests across the USA and boosting the civil rights movement further.
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📌 London, UK | Washington DC, USA | Moscow, Russia
- Divided nations into nuclear states and non-nuclear states.
- Nuclear states vowed to not provide non-nuclear states with nukes and stop nuclear production
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📌 Czechoslovakia
- Soviet and Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in response to Prague Spring and Dubček's desire to leave Warsaw Pact.
- 500,000 Warsaw Pact soldiers invade.
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📌 USSR
- Brezhnev declares that an attack on a Soviet SSR or satellite state was an attack on all.
- All Soviet countries were obliged to defend the attacked nation.
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[EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE] 📌 Prague, Czechia
- Jan Palach committed self-immolation in Prague in protest of the invasion of Czechoslovakia.
- 75,000 people attended his funeral.
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📌 Washington DC, USA
- Nixon inaugurated.
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📌 Prague, Czechoslovakia
- Gustáv Husák replaces Dubček as leader of Czechoslovakia, stabilising the country after the Prague Spring.
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📌 Bonn, West Germany
- Willy Brandt elected chancellor of West Germany.
- Idea of Ostpolitik gains traction - normalisation of relations between West and Eat Germany.
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[EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE] 📌 Japan
- US ping pong team meets with Chinese team.
- Kickstarts diplomatic talks between the two countries.
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📌 Moscow, USSR
- Khrushchev dies in his dacha a year after having his memoirs smuggled to the West and published.
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📌 Helsinki, Finland
- Arms treaty between USA and USSR.
- Limited number of ABMs, ICBMs, nuclear warheads and nuclear submarines.
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📌 Beijing, China
- US-China joint document.
- US one China policy.
- Peaceful coexistence and cooperation between the two countries.
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📌 Moscow, Russia
- Nixon visits Moscow, becoming the first US president to visit Russia.
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📌 Washington DC, USA
- Brezhnev visits the USA.
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[NOT EXAMINABLE] 📌 Vienna, Austria
- Second SALT treaty.