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J. Edgar Hoover became the acting director of the Bureau of Investigation (now the FBI) on May 10, 1924. Appointed by Attorney General Harlan Fiske Stone, Hoover was made the permanent director later that year, beginning a 48-year tenure that shaped the organization into a powerful government agenc -
Mein Kampf is a 1925 autobiographical and political manifesto by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler. The book outlines many of Hitler's political beliefs, his political ideology, and his future plans for Germany and the world. -
culminating in the "Black Tuesday" collapse on October 29, is widely considered the event that triggered the Great Depression. While the crash was not the sole cause, it was a major factor that shattered investor confidence and exposed underlying weaknesses in the U.S. and global economies. -
The Dust Bowl was a period of severe dust storms in the 1930s caused by a combination of severe drought and poor agricultural practices -
Franklin D. Roosevelt was first elected president on November 8, 1932, defeating incumbent Republican Herbert Hoover. Running on a platform of a "New Deal," he won by a landslide, carrying 42 of the 48 states and securing a significant majority of the popular and electoral votes. He was inaugurated as the 32nd president on March 4, 1933, at a time when the Great Depression had left millions unemployed and most banks closed. -
Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933. His rise to power was not through a popular election but a political appointment by President Paul von Hindenburg. This came after years of economic and political instability in Germany, which the Nazi Party was able to exploit. -
The CCC aimed to address unemployment by employing young, unmarried men from relief families in conservation and resource development projects. The program sought to provide relief for the unemployed, recover the economy, and reform long-term policies, aligning with the New Deal's "three R's". -
The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was created on May 6, 1935, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It was established as a New Deal agency to provide jobs and income to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression by employing them on public works projects. The WPA was funded by the Emergency Relief Appropriations Act of 1935. -
J.J. Braddock won the heavyweight boxing title on June 13, 1935, by defeating champion Max Baer in a 15-round unanimous decision, an upset considered one of the sport's biggest. His unlikely rise from hardship earned him the nickname "The Cinderella Man" from sportswriter Damon Runyon. -
Berlin hosted the Olympic Games once, in 1936. These Summer Olympics are officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad and were held under the Nazi regime of Adolf Hitler, who used them as a propaganda tool to showcase Germany to the world. -
Orchestrated by Nazi leadership, the attacks were carried out by paramilitary forces and civilians who destroyed Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues across Germany, annexed Austria, and the Sudetenland. The event is widely considered a pivotal moment and a turning point in the persecution of Jews that led to the Holocaust -
the world premiere was on August 15 at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood, followed by the East Coast premiere in New York on August 17, and finally, the nationwide release on August 25 -
German forces attacked from the west, north, and south, using a new tactic called "Blitzkrieg" (lightning war) that combined rapid armored assaults and coordinated air strikes. -
The novel, which portrays the struggles of Oklahoma migrants during the Great Depression, was widely available upon publication and won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1940. -
outlined four essential human freedoms: freedom of speech and expression, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. The speech aimed to build support for Great Britain and its allies against the Axis powers and to define America's war aims as the defense of these universal principles. The ideas in the speech were later immortalized by Norman Rockwell's paintings and influenced international human rights documents like the Universal Declaration of Human RightS