European History

By jormacd
  • Period: 10,000 BCE to 2200 BCE

    Neolithic

  • 9000 BCE

    Neolithic Revolution

    Also called the First Agricultural Revolution
  • 8000 BCE

    First farming villages appear (e.g., Jericho, Çatalhöyük)

  • 3000 BCE

    Invention of the wheel and early writing (Sumerians)

  • Period: 510 BCE to 323 BCE

    Greek City States

  • 509 BCE

    Founding of the Roman Republic (end of monarchy)

  • Period: 509 BCE to 27 BCE

    Roman Republic

  • 508 BCE

    Democracy established in Athens by Cleisthenes

  • 490 BCE

    Persian Wars

    c. 490–479 BCE
  • 336 BCE

    Reign of Alexander the Great

    c. 336–323 BCE
  • 44 BCE

    Assassination of Julius Caesar (civil war begins)

  • 27 BCE

    Augustus becomes first Emperor (transition to Empire).

  • Period: 27 BCE to 476

    Roman Empire

  • 313

    Edict of Milan (Christianity legalized by Constantine).

  • 395

    Roman Empire splits into East and West.

  • Period: 400 to 1400

    Medieval Europe

  • 476

    Fall of the Western Roman Empire.

  • 1095

    Pope Urban II calls the First Crusade.

  • Period: 1095 to 1291

    Crusades

  • 1099

    Crusaders capture Jerusalem.

  • 1187

    Saladin recaptures Jerusalem.

  • Period: 1400 to

    Renaissance

  • 1450

    Gutenberg invents the printing press.

  • 1492

    Columbus "discovers" America

  • Period: 1492 to

    Age of Exploration

  • 1495

    Leonardo da Vinci paints The Last Supper.

  • 1517

    Luther’s 95 Theses.

  • Period: 1517 to

    Reformation

  • 1519

    Magellan’s expedition circumnavigates the globe.

    1519–1522

  • John Locke writes about natural rights (“life, liberty, and property”)

    1632–1723 CE
  • Period: to

    Enlightenment

  • Montesquieu publishes The Spirit of the Laws

  • Period: to

    Industrial Revolution

  • Invention of the Spinning Jenny.

  • American Revolution

    1775–1783
  • Period: to

    Revolutionary Era

  • French Revolution

    1789–1799

  • Haitian Revolution

    1791–1804

  • Spanish Revolution

    Against Ferdinand VII's return to absolutism.

  • First public railway (Stockton to Darlington, UK).

  • July Revolution

    In France, leading to the overthrow of Charles X and the rise of Louis-Philippe.

  • European Revolutions

    A wave of revolts across Europe demanding democracy, national unification, and workers' rights.