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The USSR launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1 -
USSR sent into orbit was a stray dog named Laika, launched aboard the Sputnik 2. -
United States first satellite, Explorer 1, was launched. -
NASA was created in response to the Soviet Union's Sputnik launch, signed into law by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
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The first man in space from the USA was Alan Shepard, who completed a 15-minute suborbital flight
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Ham was the first chimpanzee used by the USA to perform tasks in space, completing a suborbital flight
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The first man in space was Yuri Gagarin, a Soviet cosmonaut who completed a single orbit of Earth
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John Glenn was the first American to orbit the Earth, completing three orbits
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John F. Kennedy's commitment to landing a man on the moon was a defining moment of his presidency, solidified.
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Gemini 3 - first crewed flight of the Gemini program, testing the spacecraft's capabilities with astronauts Gus Grissom and John Young.
Gemini 4 - the mission is famous for Ed White performing the first American spacewalk
Gemini 8 - this mission achieved a major milestone by successfully completing the first-ever docking with another spacecraft in orbit, an uncrewed Agena target vehicle. -
The first man to perform an extravehicular activity (EVA) for the USSR was cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, who conducted the first spacewalk
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The first man to perform an EVA (Extravehicular Activity) as a US astronaut was Ed White
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mission refers to the initial planned crew and mission objectives that were changed after the tragic deaths of the prime crew, Elliot See and Charles Bassett, in a plane crash
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Virgil I. "Gus" Grissom, Ed White, and Roger B. Chaffee had died in a cabin fire during a launch -
had no crew; it was an uncrewed test flight of the Lunar Module (LM) in Earth orbit. -
Apollo 7 -with a crew of three astronauts: Commander Walter M. Schirra Jr., Command Module Pilot Donn F. Eisele, and Lunar Module Pilot R. Walter
The first crewed flight of the Apollo program successfully tested the Command and Service Module in Earth
orbit
Apollo 8 - crew—Frank Borman, Jim Lovell, and William Anders—launched
first crewed spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit, travel to the Moon, and orbit it, with a successful splashdown -
The crew consisted of Commander James McDivitt, Command Module Pilot David Scott, and Lunar Module Pilot Russell Schweickart.The first crewed flight test of the complete Apollo spacecraft in Earth orbit, which included the first crewed flight of the lunar module. -
Lunar Module, Snoopy, and Command Module Charlie Brown. Apollo 10 was the final "dress rehearsal" for the first lunar landing, orbiting the Moon 31 times -
Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins, Columbia Command Module, and Eagle Lunar Module. Apollo 11 was the first crewed mission to land on the Moon, successfully achieving the goal.