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Johann Amos Comenius was a Czech educator. He wrote the first picture book for children called Orbis Pictus (The World of Pictures). it was a guide for teachers that included training the senses and nature study. He advocated learning should be approached using the principles of nature. He also stressed the basic concept of learning by doing, and interactions with other people.
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John Locke is the founder of modern education philosophy. He based his theory on the scientific study of the mind and learning. He claims the purpose of education is to make humans reasoning creatures.
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Johann Henrich Pestalozzi was a Swiss educator that assessed the ideas of integrated curriculums that would focus on caring for and educating children. He believed that teachers should teach children intellectual content and practical skills in group settings.
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Rousseau proposes the idea that children were naturally good, not forever evil. He is known for his book Emile where he raises a hypothetical child. He explained education should reflect positivity allow for children's interests. Teachers should adapt to how the child's mind is working, which involves a more flexible and less restrained environment.
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Robert Owen was an industrialist that established labor practices for workers and schooling for their children. He took over a school building in New Lanark and stopped the employment of children under 10 years, and sent younger children to nursery and infant schools he built as well. He required mills to allow children in secondary school to drop their labor so they could have time to attend school.
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Froebel is known as the 'Father of Kindergarten'. His expertise was the foundation of the education development system for young kids. He wanted to make school and fun experience for kids so he founded the Play and Activity Institute.
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German was the first country to have kindergarten. Kindergarten has gone through many social changes throughout the years. At first it was for poor students and then it went to be led by churches. The kindergarten we know today is the first grade that students enter when they go to school to help them become more independent and prepared for the following grades.
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Rudolf Steiner gave lectures at Waldorf-Astoria, it lead to the start of schools known as Waldorf Education. His system was the influence of the main structure of education in Europe and is also is seen in North America today.
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Maria Montessori was the first women in Italy to receive a medical degree. She studied children's diseases as well as intellectual disabilities and found ways to make education more engaging for children.
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The ethic of social reform is put in place so that schooling has a social change on children. It aims to improve their physical well being and overall health along with education.
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HighScope was made to address the effects poverty has on child development and focuses its attention on the mental process of learning. It expanded to a curriculum to include education for all developmental domains, the physical environment, and daily schedule
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Sputnik was a Soviet satellite and the world's first successful exploration of space. It caused a huge change in educational aspects, Americans were focused on what the Soviets were learning; Things like engineering, science and math.
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Nursery Schools foster children's total development. Children were enrolled from middle to upper class homes because nursery schools did not assist many poor families.
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Alexander Sutherland Neill was famous for the 'free/natural school movement. He wrote a book called Summerhill describing 40 years of the education program where he was the head master. In his school children were in charge of themselves and earned equal rights with adults which proved to be very therapeutic for most.
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Head Start was the educational aspects of preventing 'war on poverty'. The goal was to help less fortunate preschool children. It provided them with educational, medical, social, nutritional, and mental services.
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Media and Technology are causing unnecessary effects on children and pushing them to adulthood too fast. Society's pressure to succeed or distract children puts them at risk.
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In the US, the legislation 'No Child Left Behind' to reauthorize federal programs to improve public performance. Schools that receive public funds have to administer an annual statewide standardized test. Also calls for highly qualified teachers with minimum qualifications for students.
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DAP is developmentally appropriate practices. It is the foundation of good teaching using engaging practices that are appropriate for the children. The use of meaningful experiences that use play and focus are essential for young children to grow.
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The Early Learning Program Accreditation establishes the recommended standards and policies with a four step process.