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He is a Czech educator, was wrote the first picture book for children called "Orbis." This was published in 1658. He wanted this to be a guidelines for teachers. He believed that the principals of learning should be based on nature, so that children can learn at their own pace. The idea of teachers working with children at their own inclinations, later on this idea was reflected in Montessori's sensitive periods.
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He was an English philosopher. He is considered to be the founder of modern educational philosophy. This theory is based on the scientific method and the study of the mind and learning. The claims that the purpose of education is to make humans reasoning creatures. He also considered the scientific approach that a doctor would examine a patient. He was one of the first European educators to discuss the idea of differences gleaned from observing a child.
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Swiss writer and philosopher, he proposed that children were not inherently evil, but naturally good. He believes that education should reflect the good sides of a child and allow for spontaneous interests and activities. He was making the first comprehensive attempt to describe an education system. He was concerned about the learner which eventually led him to the idea that children should learn firsthand information. He says that the child's mind develops in distinct phases.
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A Swiss educator, he offered theories on education and caring that have formed the basis of common teaching practices. He believed that good education meant the development of the human senses. He wanted the education of the hand, the head and the heart of the child. He thought that teachers should teach the children intellectual skills that would help develop and challenge the sense. Opposite of Rousseau, he says that children will work better in groups rather than individually.
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He is known as the 'Father of the Kindergarten" He organized education to be focused on learning, curriculum and teacher trainings. He developed the first educational toys, some of his theories influenced others to create modern kindergartens. He believes that one of the first educational experiences should be a "child's garden", which is full of pleasant discoveries and fun activities. The adult role was to plant the ideas and the children to use them as they grow at their own pace.
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German was the first country to have kindergarten. Kindergarten has gone through many social changes throughout the years. At first it was for poor students and then it went to be led by churches. The kindergarten we know today is the first grade that students enter when they go to school to help them become more independent and prepared for the following grades.
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An industrialist follower of Pestalozzi, he established labor practices for the workers and schooling for their children. He thought people are naturally good but are corrupt by harsh environments. He took over the building of a school in New Lanark. He ended all employment of kids under the age of 10 and sent them to school, nurseries or infant buildings that he made. The children were in a secure setting and used his philosophy on guidance rather than punishment.
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She became the first female physician in Italy, after working with children she was lack of motivation and environment, she then opened a preschool. He class had 50 students ranging from the age of 2-5 years old. In the center they were fed two meals a day, a bath and provided medical attention. She designed materials and classroom learning methods for children. She believes that the education starts at birth and the early years of life are the most important.
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Alexander Sutherland Neill was the most famous proponent of the "free/natural school" move. He claimed that most education was defective because it was sinful. His belief in freedom was practiced in schools where children could teach themselves and work towards equal rights as adults. These are still around today, child-initiated education can be found in "adventure playgrounds" of England and the United States.
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He was an Austrian philosopher, scientist, and artist. He gave lectures in Austria which then led to the production of "Waldorf Education". Waldorf schools number more than 1200 schools worldwide. He believed that the childhood is an important phase of life and that the education should be carefully planned, to protect and mute the children. His theory is that education should help with spiritual development and imagination.
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Day Nurseries: Children were enrolled by middle and upper-class families.
Parent Cooperatives: A vital function to the school
Laboratory Schools: Research centers and child development laboratories started in colleges and universities. This was to help expand the knowledge of early childhood. This was started to help improve nursery schools, bringing people in who studied children could educate them better. -
A satellite, the world's first successful exploration of space. The Soviet's places the Sputnik, the American's were upset because they thought that they should have sent one first. This started emphasizing education on engineering, science and math in hopes to be as advanced as Soviet Technology.
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Helping disadvantaged preschool children. This program was aimed at providing educational, social, medical, dental, nutritional and mental health services to preschool children. This was a partial-day, full-year program. Head Start gave more than 10 million children and their families comprehensive developmental services. Wanting to make amends to poor children by preparing them for school and education.
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Addressed the effects of poverty on children's development and to focus attention on cognitive learning. There were two studies, 'Planned Variation" mainly focused on the Head Start program, while "Project follow-through" addressed the effects of programming from preschoolers to third grade. The intention of this study was to expand education for development domains, physical environment and daily schedules. This has made a long-term positive impact in preschool education.
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The introduction of technology increased rapidly. Children see technology and are immediately attracted to it, this can pull their brain away from interacting with the world. The brain development in neuroscience needs to be blended with the technology that we have now in order to do studies for the future. Many express concerns about social media platforms pushing children to adulthood too fast, missing out on their childhood.
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In the United States, this is a legislation that was passed to help schooling performances improve, This states that all public schools that receive federal funding to administer standardized test annually. This would lead to an annual report card that was specifically detailed. Calling for teachers who are highly qualified to teach students properly.
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The standards have been separated into different grade levels and by subjects, science, math and literacy. This describes the kinds of learning that should be taking place within the learning environment. This can help enhance skills in these subjects, it can also help see what students are struggling and may need more help within these classes.
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Social Reform expects schooling for young children will lead to social change and improvement. Seeking to make sure that no child is left behind and each have a "healthy start" with the support from caring families and communities. Montessori made it her mission to create a school that would not only educate children but improve their lives. Having schools be more inclusive and stronger will improve the support for children and citizens.
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Developmentally Appropriate Practices (DAP). This foundation blends children with challenge of meaningful and relevant experiences that contain focus and play that will help all children grown and learn. Having teachers that aren't constantly busy prepping tests will help promote real learning to students. Teachers taking time to know who you are and finding out the best way to educate you can help push students to be their best and unlock their potential.