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The Battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775, were the first major military actions between the British Army and Patriot militias from British America's Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolutionary War. -
The winter encampment of the Continental Army at Valley Forge (1777-1778) was a period of intense hardship characterized by severe shortages of food, clothing, and shelter, leading to widespread disease and death from exposure and illness -
Benedict Arnold turned traitor in 1779-1780, plotting with the British to surrender the American fort at West Point in exchange for money and a British command. -
The Battle of Cowpens was a military engagement during the American Revolutionary War fought on January 17, 1781, near the town of Cowpens, South Carolina. -
On August 19, 1812, the American frigate USS Constitution, commanded by Captain Isaac Hull, decisively defeated the British frigate HMS Guerriere in a naval battle, earning the Constitution the nickname "Old Ironsides" -
The Battle of Baltimore took place between British and American forces on September 12–14, 1814, during the War of 1812. Defending American forces repulsed sea and land invasions off the busy port city of Baltimore, Maryland, by British forces. The British and Americans first met at the Battle of North Point. -
The Battle of New Orleans was a decisive American victory on January 8, 1815, in the War of 1812, where U.S. forces under Andrew Jackson defeated a larger, better-trained British army seeking to capture the port city. -
Presidential elections were held in the United States from October 31 to December 2, 1828. Just as in the 1824 election, President John Quincy Adams of the National Republican Party faced Andrew Jackson of the Democratic Party, making the election the second rematch in presidential history. -
The Battle of the Alamo was a pivotal event and military engagement in the Texas Revolution. Following a 13-day siege, Mexican troops under President General Antonio López de Santa Anna reclaimed the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Béxar. -
Mexico ceded the territories that would become California, New Mexico, and Arizona to the United States under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, following the Mexican-American War. -
On November 6, 1860, Lincoln was elected as the first Republican president. His victory was entirely due to his support in the North and West. No ballots were cast for him in 10 of the 15 Southern slave states. -
South Carolina seceded from the United States on December 20, 1860, following the election of Abraham Lincoln and becoming the first state to do so, which prompted other Southern states to secede and ultimately led to the American Civil War. -
The First Battle of Bull Run (or First Manassas) was the first major land battle of the American Civil War, fought on July 21, 1861, near Manassas, Virginia. -
The Battle of Gettysburg was a three-day battle in the American Civil War, which was fought between the Union and Confederate armies between July 1 and July 3, 1863, in and around Gettysburg, Pennsylvania -
The "Treaty" at Appomattox Court House refers to the generous terms of surrender offered by Union General Ulysses S. Grant to Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia on April 9, 1865, effectively ending the Civil War. -
The sinking of the USS Maine was a pivotal event in American history that ignited the Spanish-American War. On February 15, 1898, the battleship exploded and sank in Havana, Cuba, killing most of its crew and creating widespread public outcry. -
The primary engagements in the Philippines during the Spanish-American War were the Battle of Manila Bay (May 1, 1898), a decisive naval victory by U.S. forces, and the subsequent Battle of Manila (August 13, 1898), a land battle that resulted in the fall of the city to U.S. and Filipino revolutionary forces. -
The Star-Spangled Banner" became the official national anthem of the United States after a congressional act, signed by President Herbert Hoover on March 3, 1931.