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1/6 of the population had left between 1945 and 53, brain drain, hard hitting on the econ
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Almogordo- new mexico 16/7/1945
22 kilotons,used in august on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, fat man and little boy -
made from 1948-57
'old iron pants'
primary defence system for us- was a force that was able to maintain the long-range strategic bombing and nuclear warfare- primary nuclear deterrence for USA- was meant to always be ready to act. -
yield of 22 kilotons
copy of Fatman -
u-2 spy plane unauthorised reconnaissance flights
b-29 bmbrs used before
used lockheed u-2, range of 2600 miles, fly 75,000 feet out of range and rador. -
ivy mike its yield was 10 megatons
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brain drain
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400 kilotons, not true multi-stage bomb
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developed by usa
1500 x more powerful than a-bomb -
100x more powerful than 1st attempt
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free elect germ,
open skies proposal
ussr didn't have tech- thrtnd by usa
eisenhower propose- krsch rjct
have mb of opposit on nuke crew -
austr- split in 2 zones begining
allowed to rejoin- has to stay neutral no comm nor cap
shows peaceful co-op of allies
only molotv diagreed, said they were comfortble there -
June 1956 Tito-Khruschev sign a communique that claims that the path of socialist development differs in various countries and conditions and that the different forms of socialist development tends to strengthen socialism. Introduction of doctrine that countries can take their own path to socialism- agreed with Tito
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ussr tested first true hydro bomb- only yield of 1.6 megatone
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krschv remove troops on 28 oct
1 nov nagy said hungry remove from warsaw pact
3rd nov- hungry circled by sov tanks and 15 divisions of red army. 4000 tanks
janos kadar- new govrnm- hard commie, loyal to moscow
4000 citizens dead
200,000 self imposed exile -
krsch abandon stalinist/ marxist/lennist view that war innevitable
comm so strong win without
strnghtn nuke capabilt
be unchallenged ldr of comm sphere
spend on military serv reduce- focus on domestic reforms -
june-october, 1956 uprising in poland
ppl demand more rights and freedom
strikes on 28 june
oct 1956 wladyslaw gomulka- head of comm elected- threatened by krschv
told can stay as deputy minister so long as doesnt leave warsaw pact and doesnt intro reforms
backed by pols and china, kept pol way to socialism not ussr way
sov tanks left peacefully -
burned holes through flags
inspired by pols
22 oct student protest- 16 demands, appointment of imre nagy as PM, withdrawl of sov troops, free speech and press and more than 1 party for elections
next day revolt. Nagy immediately made PM 24 oct
told anastas nikoyan -ussr delegate, interv not necessary.
poznan
was fine but then on 1 nov told the ussr that they were leaving the warsaw pact and so 4500 sov tanks surround budapest , nagy removed and janos kadar put as new pm -
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fiedel and raul castro come back, with 79 supporters, 'los barbudos', and ernesto de guevara- argentine revolutionary
overthrow gov, turn commie in ltr yrs, 1959
usa strssd- own backyard, cuba constitution give usa access to bases- guatanamo bay
remove batistas regime- washington not too occupy- eisenhwr not alot of sprt for dictators -
25 Feb 1956- criticised Stalin not in spirit of Marxism to turn a single person into God.
followed by uprisings -
30th October 1956- he issued the declaration on the principles of development and a further strengthening of Friendship and Co-operation between the USSR and other socialist countries.' Negotiate with the Eastern European states as to where to put the military bases- but led to threat when Hungary claim to want to remove the bases and leave the Warsaw pact.
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check up on nuke capab of sovs
common belief sovs catching up
eisenhwr want to reassure ppl
gaps found, ussr-us missile esp for icbms 100-30 ussr-us -
1957
inter continental ballistic missile
summer -
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laika dog sent to orbit earth for 10 days
usa huge fear, thought ussr could launch nukes from space- couldnt. -
eisnhwr station some nukes in brit and some in nato 1957 dec
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launched by ussr
could travel 8800 km to deliver nukes -
$1bill given sep 1958 to area of tech dvlpm
us navy rckt vanguard crash- flopnik -
national aeronautics and space administration
eisenhower
space all important to us security -
1958 jan
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vwp central commitee plan to reunify vietnam
declare war on south, use military power to remove diems regime
north support anti-diem grps in south -
27 nov 1958- krsch, tell usa to remove west from frg or ussr to make pact with gdr that would threaten usa, west passage to berlin
all sov rights to be transfrd to gdr- force west to ackn gdr- kill hallestein doctrine -
1st sov to meet with usa at talks, krsch and eisenhower
unsuccessful- talk about ger and demilitaris
worsnd relat with china
led to paris summit -
submarine launched ballistic missile
polaris, thor, the minuteman- icbms -
only 10 ss-6 icmbs deployed
esienhwr trust u-2spy plane evd not gaither report -
sergei p korchev led program, oct 1959 1st satellite successfully orbit moon launched
yuri gagarin- 1st nov cosmonaut- hero -
ussr -
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in cuba- overthrown by commies, castro in pwr
seize american land and money, agrarian reform -
krsch deal on ger
ban nukes in ger and pacific. fail china not bounf by agrmnt
summit collapsd- u-2 spy plane shot down- shows spyng on ussr- pilot gary powers -
discov better than plane- can take photos from up in space
1960
more knowledge from one capsule than 4yrs with plane -
arranged $100 mill credit with castro- cuba, ussr satellite state- usa fears.
1st shpmnt crude oil, april 1960s
usa refuse refine it, castro nationalise companies
usa reduce cuban sugar imports by 95% and other sanctions so castro seize $1bill worth us assets-0ct 1960 -
national liberation front
anti-diem league in sth bckd by north
ldr- nguyen huu tho- but spiritual ldr ho chi minh
nlf manifesto- 10 point program -
in 1960- 199,000 fled after there was a huge econ crisis as the lalst farms were collectivised,t eh crop yields plummetedn and within months there were serious shortages of bread, butter and meat and so many more left
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1 may 1960- gary powers pilot
showed that Khruschev had only 4 ICMBS and no launching pads- lost the upper hand- could no longer bluff and use the fear of the Nuclear weapons to make the West concede
brought down sverdlovsk -
in carribean
ussr defnce minister, if usa determnd attack, cuba last no more than one week.
rodion malinovsky -
10,000 move out first half of 1961
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bay of pigs, jfk inherited it
1500 exiles, military coup, land bay of pigs
huge embarassmnt for kndy administr -
nov 1961-- sent general taylor and head of state planning departement policy commitee, walt roscow to viet to asses situation
report- send 10,000 ground troops -
leaving GDR
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usa would be the first country to put a man on the moon
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build wall begins 1st wire than concrete
4 crossing points -
Tsar bomb
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remove castro, usa plot
overthrow from within
failure
general edward lansdale lead oper -
krsch send nukes to cuba- hope to deter usa interv and further plans
send econ, military and politic aid- cuba, fightr planes, bmbrs, 14,000 grnd troops
1100 and 2800 kilomtrs missiles
bridge gap in nuke capablt
13 day missile crisis -
had 63 succesfl mission
ussr only 15 -
1962 march, move the ppl of sth viet into hamlets
operation sunrise- seperate vietcong from peasants- alienated ppl more and made them turn to vietcong
over 3000 hmlts and 4mill ppl lvng in them -
13 day crisis
u2 spy plane 14 oct find out
evid of r-12 missiles at san cristobal -
executive committe of national security, doves-diplomtc solut and hawks-militry actn, 16 oct
spk of options and consqns -
sov ships reach quarantine, ussr angry, act of agrsn
stpd dead in water
had to reverse course -
say ussr will remove nukes so long as us non-invasion pledge
castro paranoid- betrayeed, usa invasion imminent, shot down a plane- pilot rudolf anderson
usa retalliate shoot down sov s-75 plane -
krschv sent him second one that usa to remove nuke from turkey,
kndy only respond to 1st one but would remove nuke from turkey after just didnt want to seem weak
krschv agree remove missile- 28 oct 1962 -
diem- catholic
bro- repressd bdhists
didn't let them celebr buddhas bday but encourg catholics to celebr and fly flags for thuc
crisis in hue may 1963- ldr tri quang of budhist
9ppl killed melee- protests spread
hungr strikes
buddhist set hmslf on fire saigon -
ban test of nukes in atmosphere
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direct call available 24/7 in case of emergency- more symbolic, access one to one
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rodger hilsman, head of state department for eastern bureau sent letter to henry cabot lodge, us ambassador sth viet to asses situation and find replacement of diem
he said conflt reslv with diem as head -
nov 2 1963