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founded in 1938 but revived during McCarthy rein- argued teachers- reducators and famous hollywood 10 who were commies
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made of 5mbs
fr, gbr, china, ussr, usa
each had right to veto -
came to be in 1945 agreed in june but made official in oct 1945
mbrship in 1945 remain unchanged until 1955
50 org countries, 20 cap central and s america
middle east- pro us, iran, iraq, egyp
afr early mb states- ethiopia and liberia
comm china not there- taiwan is
only pol east eu state -
ussr-75
gbr-0
usa-0
fr- 2
china-1 -
1947 reverse course for jpn
no hard punishments
need as us base- stop spread com
containment in asia
done by hayato ikeda and -
shigeru yoshida-pm of jpn
john foster dulles- us negotiator in japan
us keep troops on soil -
kim il sung - comm zone establ sep 1948
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cap zone under syngman rhee- anti-comm
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right establsh among other countires and have reprsnt on OEEC
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12 founding mbs- usa,uk,fr,beneluex countires, port, iceland
2% of countries gdp fund nato -
general agreement on trade and tariffs
- strnghtn jpn trade with west, stopd trade comm china -
supreme commander of allied powers General MacArthur
clear plan for jpn
balance budget and stricter lending criteria, wage controls
programme for austerity
japan to join GATT -
joseph doge and hayato ikeda- 157 mill yen (4mill us dollars) set as target surplus
closure of businesses led to unemployment -
successful in 1949, way before west predicted
had insider info
start of MAD- end of nuke monopoly -
had 4 points
20,000 guerilla fghtr already in sth
us no time interv
fast, decisive victory, well organised guerila force
- said same points to china- undermine eachothers influence / role when talking to other.
stalin said no- strngthn guerillaa fighters- aware of 7500 us fighters stationed in SK -
support for jian jieshi and nationalist taiwan against commies, china, in secret, by dean g acheson- secretary of state and later george marshall as successor. secretly so not imperialist menace justify withdrawl of militry support for jiang jieshi.
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comm revolt- china against jiang jeshi- taiwan nationalists, vict 1950 china comm.
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gave 178 military aircraft
258 T-34 Tanks, 1600 artillery units-
all change after china comm
but not prepared to give troops to wat- aggrv west too much -
richard nixon 'sold country down the river'
sent personal info to the soviets
war time policy advisor
arrested and jailed for purgery
made it into the american delegation -
Un forces led by general Douglas McArtur- under pre-text of UN forces- not show american involvement. passed through UN which ussr was boycotting at time- recogn of taiwan china, not comm mao china.
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made by dean g acheson- korea not part of it, included all the countries that us responsible for , military security and pacific,
jan 1950- was brief and outlined where the usa would keep military intervention in case of threat, japan, okinawa, the phillipines -
marked shift in policy from eu to asia
intensified anti-comm sentiment
confirm change containment- truman too soft- eisenhower mocked and intro of brinkmanship
second red scare, had the hollywood 10, reducators, attackd army- denounced, HUAC -
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took a more proactive role of containment, militarised cold war, they had to build up a strong defence in case they had to use it. military and economic strngtg
could be bcuz of x article, long telegrm, china as comm, abomb
berlin blockade- shw ussr challenging them -
korea seperatd by 38th parallel
end war- staus quo- south and north now seperat -
usa bring china into korea war- place a ship/ fleet between taiwan and china- aggression
2 days after start of korea war -
julius and ethel rosenburg convicted of espionage for the ussr- arrested and killed- huge, had kids
judge couldnt not punish them - would show sympathetic to commie- mccarthyism gone too far -
didnt punish jpn, restric jpn econ, restric futr political model, identify jpn role in ww2 restrict future rearmament.
treaty recogn- jpn sovertny, jpn renounce claim to terriory of empr- e.g korea
gave usa unrestricted use of military bases jpn. administrative control of owknowa
right to veto jpn offering military bases to other countries. -
1951- communist countries help eachother with money and wheat and other materials in times of need.
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encirclement of ussr, aus, nzlnd, usa
non-binding collective
nz suspended- refuse to allow ships carrying nukes in its water 1986
2002- resume political co-op
aus- no support recieved in konfrontasi conflict against indonesia and malaysia- 1960s -
called for 75,000 national police force, trained by us
aug 1952- 110,000 ground troops and 7600 maritime personnel -
brinmanship and rollback- actively tried to convert commie countries to cap- not succesfl
was after truman, took containmnet further
Atom bomb just another bomb in our arsenal -
by john foster dulles and eisenhower
roll back and brinkmanship- reject trumans making of conventional forces- too expnsv- so nukes main use of defence -
ussr- saw as expanison of usa and capitalism, seen as threat
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abolished state of occupation
may 1952- signed in BONN
ussr immediately recogn freedom of gdr- made warsaw pact
now to join UN and later NATO -
power struggle, bulgarin, kruschev, baria, molotov, malenkov
dismantle police state run by stalin -
gdr crisis- walter ulbrich made 5 yr plan, at comecon, rose the workers target goal by 10% in 1953
church mbs arrestd
sklld workers fled
ublricht called on 2nd june to lower standars and improv conditions - he didn't so there were strikes where 150,000 people came into the street
16 june 1953- 125 ppl killed -
jun 1953, stikes and riots in east ger
want free elects, make social democrat party and rise in pay
100,000 ppl in street
next day ussr troops retalliate and 125 killed -
national security council- made nukes the main defence stratedgy for usa
prevent agrsn against west -
140,000 strong self-defence force created
us fund $240 mill and sell us agricultural surplus jpn -
call end of viet war- split into two and have elections when ready- never to happen because west knew that ho chi minh - commies would be elected bcuz they were leading nlf and got freedom for the vietnamese.
divided 17th parallel -
he was a winsconsin republican senator.
went after army- went too high up, accused them of being soft
famous speech 'have you no decency sir' by joseph n welch
j. edgar hoover- teachers= reducators.
dec 1954 sentate vote against him -
decisive battle where the vietnamese beat the french
led to geneva conf -
usa was fighting 75% of it, silent american
determined to help and intro containment
believe in domino effect -
south east asia organis
tried to encircle commies, make a nuke umbrella
made by john foster dulles
response to close sino-sov alliance
thailan, fr, aus, usa, gbr, pkstrn, philip, nzld -
middle east treaty orgaisation
or baghdad pact feb 1955
uk, iraq, persia (iran), pkstn
counter sov expansion in middle east and oil producing regions
became cento and the headquaters moved to ankara turkey- until dissolv in 1979 follwoing fall of shak -
done by konrad adenaur- chancellor of west ger
limit army and no nukes- to placate fr -
made after frg was made indepnd and admitted to NATO
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moved headquaters to ankara turkey, name change to CENTO and UN became associate mb
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june 30 1977
after the paris peace conf- and 1975 where the usa lost vietnam and laos and cambodia, shows failure as most of the region fell to communism -
because iran withdrew- pro-us regime overthrown, shak,