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Black Ball Line begin services from Liverpool to New York using Packet Ships.
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in 1837, the company won a contract from the government to deliver mail to the Iberian peninsula.
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Cunard is founded as a British and north American royal mail steam-packet company by Samuel Cunard, sir George burns and Robert Napier. they began operations with four paddle steamers on the Liverpool -Halifax- Boston route.
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Britannia, a cruises ship operated by Cunard left Liverpool with cows on board to provide a fresh supply of milk to passengers
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In 1844, PO expanded into leisure cruising and began offering sailings from the UK to the Mediterranean. PO first introduced passenger services in 1844, with a leisure cruise departing from Southampton to the Mediterranean. These voyages were the first of their kind and the forerunner of modern cruise holidays.
(Customer Type Demand] - These were originally aimed at those with high levels of wealth such as Royalty, Nobles and Senior Government/Business Officials. -
The ship, Quaker City, was the first cruise from New York to Europe.
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PO launch the ship Ravena, which the first the to be constructed with a 100% steal superstructure.
(technology development)- this marked the first time the ship has been designed using a 100% steal, this created a more solid structed compared to traditional wood. -
The first ship to have electric lights is launched called SS Valetta
(technology development) -
Prinzessian Victoria Luise was launched as the world's first purpose built cruise ships. The ship was built in Germany for Hamburg American Line (HAPAG).
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RMS Titanic sinks on its maiden voyage between Southampton and New York Of the estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard, approximately 1,500 died. The ship was operated by White Star Line and carried some of the wealthiest people in the world.
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For those crossing The Atlantic, this time period was considered a glamourous period catering to the rich and famous.
[Customer Type Demand]
(Social Economic Changes) -
White Star Line merge with their main rival Cunard
Line. The line would remain as a single company until 2005 when it was merged into Carnival Corporation p/c.
[Integration] -
Many cruise ships were used to transport troops heading to war. Cruises and transatlantic sailing come to abrupt end. Many ocean liners were destroyed during the war.
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Over 1 million people paid a £10 cruise fare to Australia, with the majority travelling with P80 These passengers were referred to as Ten Pound. (Social Economic Changes)
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Large passenger jet aircraft were introduced, with travellers switching from ships to planes. This caused a rapid decline in passenger numbers.
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Cruise lines begin to focus on improving the passenger experience to attract more passengers.
This includes large public ballrooms, public lounges, swimming pools, with some cruise lines also introducing on board ceremonies.
[Social Economic Changes]
(Technological Advances]
(Changes in Customer Type Demand) -
During this period several major cruise lines were founded including Princess Cruises (1965), Norwegian Cruise Line (1966), Royal Caribbean
(1968), MSC (1970), Carnival Cruises (1989) and Silversea (1994). This significantly increased the number of cruise lines available, each offering a wide range of products and services. (customer type and demand) -
Love Boat launched in 1977 as a romantic comedy-drama set on MS Pacific Princess. This was a big contributor to the increase in popularity of cruising
[Customer Type Demand] -
Sevoral new cruise lines are emerged including Celebrity Cruises (1989), Disney Cruise Line (1995), Regent Seven Sea (1990) and Silversea (1994). This once again expanded the choice customers had when selecting a cruise holiday. [Customer Type Demand)
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Thompson restarted their cruise line called sun cruises and it was rebranded Thompson cruises and the shortly after the rebrand they changed it to Marella Cruises in 2017
(tour operator integration) -
Cunard is purchased by Carnival Corporation in 1998. incressing the number of cruise lines they own.
During this period, Royal Carbbean Group also continue to expand and introduce new cruise lines.
[Integration] -
The first cruise ship to have internet at sea is launched in 1999. Norwegian Sky becomes the first cruise ship to offer an Internet Cafe with paid pay-as-you go internet access.
(Technological Advances] -
PEO Cruses is sequired By Carnival Corporation in 2003.
(Integration) -
Cunard launch three new ships which are known as the Three Queens'. Queen Mary 2 (2004), Queen Victoria (2007) and Queen Elizabeth (2010)-
[Technological Advances) -
Royal Caribbean launch Oasis of the Seas which becomes the world's largest cruise ship, capable of carrying over 6,000 passengers. It includes an outdoor Aqua Theatre and the worlds first park at sea.
[Technological Advances] -
The Costa Concordia sinks after hitting an underwater rock near the island Isola del Giglio. The evacuation took over 6 hours and 32 people died.
The accident raised concers about cruise ship safety -
Virgin Voyages is annouriced and plan to offer adult-only cruises. Their first cruise ship, Scarlet Lady, launched in 2021
(Customer Type Demand]
[Tour Operator Integration] -
PO launch Britannia which becomes the largest vessel created for the British market It includes Britain's first cookery school at sea and cutting-edge entertainment.
[Technological Development)
(Customer Type Demand] -
the global cruise industry collapsed as the government around the world introduced travel restrictions. In 2020, Diamond Princess was quarantined off Japan for two weeks until passengers and crew ere evacuated. 720 people were infected with covid=19.
nearly 30 cruise ships were scrapped during the covid
-19 pandemic and some cruise lines went into administration.
(social economic changes) -
Royal Caribbean launch Icon of the Seas, which becomes the world's largest cruise ship capable of carrying a maximum of 7,600 passengers and 2,350 crew. It includes the largest swim-up bar at sea, ice skating and the first suspended infinity pool at sea.
[Technological Advances]