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First Scheduled Trans-Atlantic Service Launched
The Black Bail Line operated scheduled services which offered passenger services which was between cities such as Liverpool, and New York. These services had expanded to other cities such as Boston and Philadelphia and this was for twice each month, due to the business growing reputation. -
P&O is Founded
In 1837, the company won a contract from the Government to deliver mail to the Iberian Peninsula. -
Cunrad Line is Founded
The Cunrad is founded as a British and North American Royal Mail Steam-Packet Company by Samuel Cunrad, Sir George Burns and Robert Napier. They began operations with four paddle streamers on the Liverpool Halifax Boston Route. -
Cows Travel on Board
Britannia, a cruise ship operated by Cunrad left Liverpool with cows on board to provide a fresh supply of milk to passengers. -
P&O Introduced First ''Leisure'' Cruises
PO expanded into leisure cruising and began offering sailings from the UK to Mediterranean. The first passenger service added in 1844, as the cruise departed from Southampton to the Mediterranean. However the boat lines where smaller as the journeys got to Mediterranean. This would be expanded later on, as British Empire, Including calls to India, Australia, and New Zealand -
First Cruise Between New York and Europe.
The ship, Quaker City, was the first cruise from New York to Europe. -
First 100% Steal Structured Ship
PO launch the ship Ravenna, which is the first to be constructed with a 100% steel superstructure (Technological Development)- This marked this time a ship had been designed using 100% steel. this created a more solid structure compared to tradition wood methods. -
Electric Lights
The first ship to have electric lights is launched called SS Veletta. (Technological Developments) -
First Ship Exclusively for Cruising Launched
Prinzessian Vicoria Luise was launched as the world's first purpose-build cruise ships. The ship was build in Germany for Hamburg American Line (HAPAG). -
Titanic Sinks
The Titanic sank in the early hours of 15 April 191 as a result of striking an iceberg while cruising from Southampton to New York. Onboard there was 2,224 passengers and approximately 1,500 died. the Titanic, operated by the White Star Line, carried some of the wealthiest people in the world, as well as hundreds of emigrants from the British isles, Scandinavia, and elsewhere in Europe who were seeking a new life in the United States and Canada -
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Glamour of Cruising
Between 1920 and 1940 were considered the most glamorous for passengers seeking to cross the Atlantic. The ships catered to the rich and famous, who were able to enjoy the luxurious on board surroundings (Customer Type Demand)
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Cruise Lines Merge
White Star Line merge with their main rival Cunrad Line. The Line would remain as a single company until 2005, when it was merged into Carnival Corporation PLC. (Integration) -
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War World 2
Many cruise ships were used to transport troops heading to war. Cruises and transatlantic sailing come to abrupt end. Many ocean liners were destroyed during the war. -
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Ten Pound Poms
Over 1 million people paid £10 cruise fare to Australia, with the majority of passengers travelling with PO. These passengers were refereed to as Ten Pound Poms. (Social Economical Changes) -
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Increasing The Appeal
Cruise lines begin to focus on improving the passenger experience to attract more passengers. This includes large public bathrooms, public lounges, swimming pools, with some cruise lines also introducing on board ceremonies (Social Economic Changes)
(technological Advances)
(Changes in Customer Type and Demand) -
Growth of Air Travel
Large passenger jet aircraft were introduced with travelers switching from ships to planes. This caused a rapid decline in passenger number. -
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Growth of Cruise Lines
During this period several major cruise lines were grounded including Princess Cruises (1965), Norwegian Cruise Line (19660, Royal Caribbean (1968), MSC (1970), Carnival Cruise (1989) and Silversea (1994). This significantly increased the number of cruise lines available, each offering a wide range if products and services to attract more customers.
(Customer Type Demand) -
Love Boat Launches on TV
The TV programme Love Boat, which was set on a Princess Cruises ship, ran from 1977. This was a big contribution to the increase in popularity of cruising (Customer Type Demand) -
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More New Cruise Lines Emerge
Several new cruise lines are emerged including Celebrity Cruises (1989), Disney Cruise Line (1995), regent Seven Sea (1990) and Silversea (1994). This once again expanded the choice customers had when selecting a cruise holiday. (Customer Type Demand) -
Thomson (TUI) restart Their Cruise Line
Thomson restarts their cruise lines called Sun Cruise. It was re branded Thomson Cruises shortly after, before being re branded again in 2017 a Marella cruises. (Tour Operator Integration) -
Internet at Sea
The first cruise ship to have internet as sea is launched in 1999. Norwegian Sky becomes the first cruise ship to offer and Internet Cafe with paid pay-as-you-go internet access. (Technological Advances) -
Growth of Large Corporations
Cunrad is purchased by Carnical Corporation in 1989, increasing the number of cruise line they own. During this period, Royal Caribbean Group also continue to expand and introduce new cruise lines. (Integration) -
Carnival Corporation Acquire P&O Cruises
PO Cruises is acquired by Carnival Corporation in 2003. (Integration) -
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Launch of the Three Queens
Cunrad launch three new ships which are known as the ''Three Queens'. Queen Mary 2 (2004), Queen Victoria (2007) and Queen Elizabeth (2010) (Technological advances) -
Oasis of the Seas Launched
Royal Caribbean launch Oasis of the Seas which becomes the world's largest cruis ship, capable of carrying over 6,000 passengers. It includes and outdoor AquaTheatre and the worlds first part at sea. (Technological Advanced) -
Costa Concordia Sinks
The Costa Concordia sinks after hitting an underwater near the island ''Isola del Giglio''. The evacuation took over 6 months and 32 passengers has passed away. The accident raised concerns about cruise ship safety. -
Virgin Grounds Announce Virgin Voyages
Virgin Voyages is announced and planned to other adult-only cruises. The first cruise ship, Scarlet Lady, launched in 2021. (Customer Type Demand)
(Tour Operator Integration) -
P&O Launch Britannia
PO launch Britannia which becomes the largest vessel created for the British market. It includes Britain's first cookery school at sea and cutting edge entertainment. (Technological Developments)
(Customer Type Demand) -
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Covid-19 Pandemic
The global cruise industry collapses as Government's around the world introduce travel restrictions. In 2022, Diamond princess was quarantined off Japan for two-week until passengers are crew were evacuated. in addition 712 people were infected with Covid-19. Nearly 30 cruise ships were scrapped during the Covid-19 pandemic and some cruise lines went into administration. (Social Economical Changes) -
Icon of the Seas Sets Sail
Royal Caribbean launch Icon of the Seas, which becomes the world's largest cruise ship capable of carrying a maximum of 7,000 passengers and 2,350 crew, it includes the largest swim-up bat at sea,ice skating and the first suspended infinity pool at sea. (Technology Advances)