-
Official explorations of eastern and central Africa (5 years). Was named Consul for the East Coast of Africa. Sent 2,000 letters home and became a sensationalized hero.
-
Came under government control after intervening to protect the German East Africa Company.
-
Imperial British East Africa Company formed by William Mackinnon. Granted a royal charter on 6 Sept 1888, oversaw area of 246,800 square miles.
-
Sultan Hamad bin Thuwaini accepted British rule to prevent German take over. Germany and Britain signed a treaty to respect each others influence in East Africa- Zanzibar for Tanzania (Tanganyika).
-
Partitioned into Britain's sphere of infl at the Berlin Conference, useful as a route from Uganda to the coast. Tried to force control during a succession dispute between indigenous Mazrui and Muslim majority. Sheikh Mbaruk bin Rashid was supplied by the Germans and resisted for 9 months, but eventually the territory became part of Britain's East Africa Protectorate.
-
Pro-British Sultan Hamad bin Thuwaini died mysteriously (poison rumours) and cousin Khalid acceded without British approval. Bombardment lasted for 38 mins (shortest in history) and Khalid was forced out and replaced by Hamud.
-
Known as the 'lunatic line', built to link East African colonies with each other and the coast. Cost £5 million, 2500 indentured labourers died, took 5 years, ended up 660 miles. Completed in 1901. Supported by Chamberlain and the conservative govt. Kedong massacre: Masai warriors killed 500 labourers. Tsavo incident: 35-100 workers attacked by 2 lions.
-
Pro-British