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The First Amendment protects your rights to the freedom of speech, religion, press, protest, and assembly.
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The Second Amendment protects your right to bear arms.
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The Third Amendment protects your right against quartering soldiers without homeowners consent.
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The Fourth Amendment protects your privacy by prohibiting unreasonable searches and seizures and requires any warrant to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause.
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The Fifth Amendment protects your right against "self incrimination". You can not be compelled to testify against yourself in a court of law or make a statement that may incriminate you. At the time of arrest a law officer must read you your Miranda Rights.
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The Sixth Amendment protects your right to a speedy and fair trial, as well as the appointment of an atorney if you could'nt afford one yourself.
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The Seventh Amendment protects your right to a trial by jury when the value of controversy exceeds $20.
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The Eighth Amendment protects your right against excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.
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The Ninth Amendment gives rights to the people to address matters not specified in the constitution.
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The Tenth Amendment gives the states the right to decide on matters not addressed on the constitution.