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Democritus had an idea of atoms but in a void.
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Dalton believed that all matter is made out of atoms and that theya re invisible and indestructible.
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Michael Faraday verified that electrical forced held together an atom.
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Julius Plucker built one of the first gas discharge tubes also known as a cathode ray tube.
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William discovered X-rays while using the cathode ray tube.
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He discovered the Plum pudding model of the atom and he concluded that there are electrons around the atom surrounded by a positive charged area to blance out.
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He discovered a planetary model of the atom based on saturn's rings but this model was incorrect.
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Rutherford theorized that atoms have a small positive charge in a small nucleus. He tested this theory with the gold foil experiment and he came up with a new model.
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He believed that outer orbitals could hold more electrons then inner orbitals. He also suggested that the outer orbitals determine the atom's chemical property.
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They built an accelerator and bombarded lithium with protons to make alpha particles
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Saw electrons as a continuous clouds and introduced wave mechanics as a mathmatical model of an atom.
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He did the first controlled chain reaction releasing energy from the atom's nucleus.