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What did Democritus do? He figured out that all matter is made up of little particles called atoms.
He did not use any experiment, he merely hypothesized it, -
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Made the first useful atomic theory, and is still used today with some alterations. He made this theory as he was researching gasses.
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He found with Cathode Ray Tubes that the atom has different parts of that are negatively charged, and from that he found out that there are also some positive parts in an atom, but couldn't visualize it. This would make his theory of what it looks like a lot more advance then what it was at its own time.
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Using Cathode Ray Tubes found out that the negative parts of the atom are Electrons. Thomson's model goes back to original models that are more simple like others before him other then Crookes which is more advance.
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That some atoms have radioactivity inside of them, he figured this out by experimenting with Uranium. Becquerel figuring that out has led the world to be able to make nuclear bombs.
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He discovered the Nucleus ofthe atom which he figured using an ingenious experiment. Which was that he shot a beam of alpha particles at a sheet of gold foil, then a few of the particle deflected against it, then seeing that he figured out that atoms have nucleates.
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Bohr discovered that atoms circle around the nucleus of the atom. His model is used today still as the representation of the atom. He found out this idea of the atom inside of Rutherford's lab, working for Rutherford.
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The Electron Cloud Model was made by Erwin Schrödinger which still today we can't see just one atom but we can see Electron Cloud Model which are a cloud/group of atoms.
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He found out that neutrons don´t have charges but are just weight in the nucleus of the atom, he figured this out by studying Beryllium radiation.
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Bohr's Model
