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Sputnik 1 was the first artificial Earth satellite. It launched into an elliptical low earth orbit, orbiting for 3 weeks before batteries died, silently continuing for 2 more months before falling back into the atmosphere.
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Laika was a Soviet space dog who became one of the first animals in space, and the first animal to orbit the Earth.
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The first successful U.S. satellite, Explorer I, launched into Earth's orbit by the Army, at Cape Canaveral, Florida, four months after Russia orbited Sputnik.
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Eisenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act, establishing NASA.
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Ham was a chimpanzee and the first hominid launched into space, as part of the U.S. space program's Project Mercury.
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Yuri Gagarin was the first person to fly in space. His flight, on April lasted 108 minutes as he circled the Earth for a little more than one orbit in the Soviet Union's Vostok spacecraft.
He also became the first man to orbit the planet, a feat accomplished by his space capsule in 89 minutes. -
NASA astronaut Alan Shepard blasted off in a Freedom 7 capsule atop a Mercury-Redstone rocket to become the first American in space.
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Kennedy began a dramatic expansion of the U.S. space program and committed the nation to the ambitious goal of landing a man on the Moon by the end of the decade.
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Glenn flew the Friendship 7 mission, becoming the first American to orbit the Earth
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The first EVA was performed by Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, who spent 12 minutes and 9 seconds outside the Voskhod 2 spacecraft.
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Ed White became the first American astronaut to walk in space during his Gemini IV spacewalk, AKA extravehicular activity (EVA).