APUSH - Period 9

  • California v. Bakke

    California v. Bakke

    Ruled that university's use of racial "quotas" in admissions process was unconstitutional.
  • Saddam Hussein

    Saddam Hussein

    Leader of Iraq during the middle of the Cold War, the invasion of Kuwait made him an enemy of America.
  • Moral Majority

    Moral Majority

    A political action committee founded by Jerry Falwell dedicated to moral values and in opposition to feminism and gay rights.
  • Supply-Side Economics

    Supply-Side Economics

    Used to describe how changes in Marginal tax rates influence economic activity.
  • AIDS

    AIDS

    Huge outbreak that started with gay men and was labeled "gay-plague"
  • Walter Mondale

    Walter Mondale

    Vice President of Carter and when he wont the democratic nomination he was defeated by Reagan.
  • Sandra Day O'Connor

    Sandra Day O'Connor

    Retired Associates Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from her appointment by Ronald Reagan
  • PACTO Strike

    PACTO Strike

    Union declared a strike, seeking better working conditions, better pay, and 32-hour work week.
  • Ronald Reagan

    Ronald Reagan

    American politician who served as 40th president of United States
  • Trickle-Down Economics

    Trickle-Down Economics

    Referred to as trickle-down theory, is an economic theory that advocates reducing taxes on business and wealthy.
  • Economic Recovery Tax Act

    Economic Recovery Tax Act

    "Kemp-Roth Tax Cut" was a federal law enacted in US.
  • Brady Bill

    Brady Bill

    Gun-control law named for presidential aide James Brady who had been wounded and disabled by gunfire in the assassination attempted on Reagan
  • Boland Amendment

    Boland Amendment

    Democrats opposed to administrations policies in Nicaragua passed this to prohibit further aid to the contras.
  • SDI

    SDI

    "Strategic Defense Initiative" proposed by Reagan that called for land or space based shield against nuclear attacks.
  • Beirut Bombings

    Beirut Bombings

    Acts of terrorism that occurred during Lebanese Civil War
  • Internet

    Internet

    Computers, faxes, cellphones, and the Internet had a huge economic impact
  • Geraldine Ferraro

    Geraldine Ferraro

    First woman to appear on a major-party presidential ticket. Congress woman running for Vice President
  • Religious Fundamentalism

    Religious Fundamentalism

    A religious movement whose objectives were to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy.
  • Iran-Contra Affair

    Iran-Contra Affair

    Scandal that erupted after the Reagan administration sold weapons to Iran in hopes of freeing American hostages.
  • Mikhail Gorbachev

    Mikhail Gorbachev

    Soviet leader that was installed as chairman of the Soviet Communist party.
  • WIlliam Rehnquist

    WIlliam Rehnquist

    An American lawyer, jurist, and political figure who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court and later the Chief Justice of the US
  • Immigration Act of 1986

    Immigration Act of 1986

    Outlawed hiring undocumented immigrants, but offered legal status to aliens.
  • INF Agreement

    INF Agreement

    Arms limitation agreement settles by Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev after several attempts.
  • Glasnot & Perestroika

    Glasnot & Perestroika

    Two policies announced by Gorbachev aimed to ventilate secretive Soviet society by introducing free speech.
  • "Tear down this wall"

    "Tear down this wall"

    Speech given in Brandenburg Gate, this was where the entrance of the Berlin Wall was located.
  • "Read my lips, no new taxes"

    "Read my lips, no new taxes"

    Said by George H.W. Bush as he accepted the Republican nominations.
  • Fall of Berlin Wall

    Fall of Berlin Wall

    Marked the symbolic end of the Cold War and was the beginning of the collapse of communism in eastern Europe
  • Tiananmen Square

    Tiananmen Square

    Suppression of Chinese democrats by the PLS. Caused much condemning from western nations including U.S.
  • George H.W. Bush

    George H.W. Bush

    42nd president of the United States, previously Vice President for Ronald Reagan.
  • Panama Invasion

    Panama Invasion

    Ordered by Bush to remove autocratic General Manuel Noriega.
  • Lech Walesa

    Lech Walesa

    Polish politician, former trade union and human rights activist, and also former electrician.
  • Sandinistas

    Sandinistas

    Members of leftist coalition that overthrew the Nicaraguan dictatorship of Anastasia Somoza
  • Start I and II

    Start I and II

    US and Soviet Union signed the treaty that called for reduction in number of long-range nuclear weapons
  • Boris Yeltsin

    Boris Yeltsin

    Soviet and Russian politician and the the first President of Russian Federation
  • Persian Gulf War

    Persian Gulf War

    After Iraq invaded Kuwait, US invaded Iraq to liberate Kuwait which caused Iraq to set Kuwait's oil fields on fire to Americans couldn't gain advantage
  • Clarence Thomas

    Clarence Thomas

    African American jurist and strict critic of affirmative action, who was nominated by George H.W. Bush to be on Supreme Court.
  • Breakup of Soviet Union

    Breakup of Soviet Union

    Disintegrated into Russian, Ukraine, Tajikistan, and other independent countries, that was pushed by Gorbachev's progressive reforms.
  • Americans with Disabilities Act

    Americans with Disabilities Act

    Passed by Congress, which banned discrimination against the disabled in employment and mandated easy access.
  • EU

    EU

    Economic union between countries in Europe for mutual gain.
  • Kyoto Accord

    Kyoto Accord

    Protocol to United Nations Framework Convention on climate change dealing with global warming.
  • Ross Perot

    Ross Perot

    He rose as a significant third party candidate. A tech-company billionaire who spent his own money on campaigning.
  • Yasser Arafat

    Yasser Arafat

    Historic treaty was signed between Yasser and Yitzhak Rabin that would allow Palestinian self-rule in parts of Israel
  • PLO

    PLO

    Agreement between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization in which Israel agreed that the PLO could govern the West
  • Bill Clinton

    Bill Clinton

    Entered office as the first democratic party president sign Jimmy Carter and a self-proclaimed activist.
  • NRA

    NRA

    First attempt to achieve advance through planning and cooperation among labor, business, and government
  • Failure of Health Reform(1990's)

    Failure of Health Reform(1990's)

    Health care reform package under Clinton Administration
  • Deficit Reduction Budget

    Deficit Reduction Budget

    Clinton created a deficit-reduction bill that refers to taxation, spending, and economic policy debates and proposals to reduce the Federal budget
  • West Bank and the Gaza Strip

    West Bank and the Gaza Strip

    Oslo Accords made agreement where Israel gave Palestinian self-rule in Gaza Strip and West Bank.
  • "Don't ask, don't tell"

    "Don't ask, don't tell"

    Common term for policy about homosexuality in the US military mandated by federal law.
  • Contract with America

    Contract with America

    Newt Gingrich had republican candidates sign a document where they pledged their support
  • NAFTA

    NAFTA

    Established free trade zone between Canada, United States, and Mexico, net gain jobs due to opening of Mexican markets
  • Newt Gingrich

    Newt Gingrich

    Proposed "Contract with America" and the first republican speaker in 40 years.
  • Oklahoma City Bombing

    Oklahoma City Bombing

    Truck bomb explosion that killed 168 people in federal office building.
  • Nuclear Proliferation

    Nuclear Proliferation

    The spread of nuclear weapons to new nations.
  • Welfare Reform

    Welfare Reform

    Bill that made reduction in welfare grants and required able welfare recipients to find employment
  • Bob Dole

    Bob Dole

    Attorney and retired US senator from Kansas, longest serving Republican leader
  • Madeline Albright

    Madeline Albright

    The first woman to serve as secretary of state, proved to be more assertive.
  • G-8

    G-8

    International organization of leading capitalist industrial nations.
  • "Ethnic Cleansing"

    "Ethnic Cleansing"

    Process where more powerful ethnic groups forcibly remove a less powerful ethnic group
  • WTO

    WTO

    International trade organization that prompted strong protests from anti-global trade forces.
  • Clinton Impeachment

    Clinton Impeachment

    Clinton confessed before jury that he and Lewinsky had an improper relationship
  • Bosnia and Kosovo

    Bosnia and Kosovo

    Combination of diplomacy, bombing, and troops from NAT countries.
  • Housing Bubble

    Housing Bubble

    Sales of new homes in US had a 60 percent rise but ended up falling.
  • Al Gore

    Al Gore

    Clinton's vice president and candidate for 2000 presidential election.
  • George W. Bush

    George W. Bush

    Forty-third president of the US, son of former president George H.W. Bush.
  • Bush v. Gore

    Bush v. Gore

    Case was during 2000 presidential election between Bush and Gore over Florida's 25 electoral votes.
  • Osama Bin Ladin

    Osama Bin Ladin

    Founder of Al-Qaeda, a terrorist network responsible for 9/11 attacks.
  • Hillary Clinton

    Hillary Clinton

    American politician, former diplomat, and former First Lady of US.
  • Taliban

    Taliban

    Extreme conservative Muslims, protected Osama Bin Ladin by allowing him to hide in Afghanistan
  • Al-Qaeda

    Al-Qaeda

    Global militant Sunni Islamist terrorist group founded by Osama Bin Ladin, responsible for 9/11 attacks
  • Bush Tax Cuts

    Bush Tax Cuts

    Two laws passed that reduced taxes for virtually every American: cut income tax rates and eliminated estate tax.
  • 9/11

    9/11

    Terrorist attack on World Trade Centers and Pentagon buildings, perpetrated by Al-Qaeda and directed by Osama Bin Ladin
  • Enron

    Enron

    Enron scandal eventually led to the bankruptcy of Enron Corporation, an American energy company
  • No Child Left Behind

    No Child Left Behind

    Act that provides money fro extra educational assistance for poor children in return for improvements in their academic progress.
  • Abu Ghraib Prison

    Iraq prison where some Iraqi prisoners of war were abused by American guards
  • Homeland Security

    Homeland Security

    US federal agency created for coordinate national efforts against terrorism.
  • "Axis of Evil"

    "Axis of Evil"

    Term coined by President Bush in State of Union address, "axis" refers to Iraq, North Korea, and Iran
  • Operation Iraqi Freedom

    Operation Iraqi Freedom

    Operation where US troops invaded Iraq and Saddam's forces collapsed.
  • WMD's

    WMD's

    Weapons of mass destruction, one of the pretexts for attack on Iraq.
  • John Kerry

    John Kerry

    Decorated Vietnam War veteran who lost 2004 presidential election.
  • Hurricane Katrina

    Hurricane Katrina

    Natural disaster that hurt many Southern states badly, category 5.
  • Great Recession

    Great Recession

    Had long term effects on unemployment.
  • John McCain

    John McCain

    Republican nominee for POTUS in 2008 election, which he lost to Barack Obama
  • D.C. v Heller

    D.C. v Heller

    Provisions of District of Columbia Code made it illegal to carry an unregistered firearm and prohibited registration of handguns
  • Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac

    Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac

    Reassured investors who were worried about homeowners defaulting on mortgages
  • Barack Obama

    Barack Obama

    American politician who served as forty-fourth POTUS from 2009 to 2017.
  • Sarah Palin

    Sarah Palin

    American politician, commentator, author, and reality television personality, served as ninth Governor of Alaska
  • Sonia Sotomayor

    Sonia Sotomayor

    She became US District Court Judge in 1992 and was elevated to US Second Circuit Court of Appeals in 1998
  • Tea Party

    Tea Party

    Conservative political movement mobilized in opposition to Obama's economic and health care policies.
  • Affordable Care Act

    Affordable Care Act

    Expansion of medicaid, most employers must provide health care insurance, have insurance or face surtax, and prevents rejections
  • Citizens United

    Citizens United

    Sought an injunction against the Federal Election Commission in the US District Courts.
  • Dodd-Frank Act

    Dodd-Frank Act

    Congress enacted the law that places major regulations on the financial industry
  • Arab Spring

    Arab Spring

    Revolutionary wave of protests and demonstrations overtaking dictators in Middle East.
  • Syrian Civil War

    Syrian Civil War

    On going multi-sided armed conflicted in Syria.
  • Mitt Romney

    Mitt Romney

    Republican nominee for 2012 elections, lost to Obama
  • Boston Marathon Bombing

    Boston Marathon Bombing

    Terrorist attack that took place a short distance from finish line of Boston Marathon
  • Shelby County v Holder

    Shelby County v Holder

    Landmark US Supreme Court case regarding the constitutionality of two provisions of the Voting Rights Act.
  • Same-Sex Marriage

    Same-Sex Marriage

    Same-sex marriage is marriage of a same-sex couple, entered into a civil or religious ceremony.
  • Debt Ceiling

    Debt Ceiling

    Legislative mechanism to limit the amt debt that can be issued by Treasury by limiting money government can borrow.