APUSH Period 9

By aaryne
  • California v. Bakke

    California v. Bakke

    Imposed limitations on affirmative action. Stated that affirmative action could lead to reverse discrimination and if that happened it was unfair. Confirmed that the use of rigid racial quotas was not ok.
  • Sandinistas

    Sandinistas

    Marxist regime that took over Nicaragua. Fought with the US when they tried to release Nicaragua of the Communist.
  • Religious Fundamentalism

    Religious Fundamentalism

    Religious movement where the goal was to influence government by taking every word of the bible literally.
  • Moral Majority

    Moral Majority

    Political group made up of fundamentalist Christians.
  • Ronald Reagan

    Ronald Reagan

    Defeated Jimmy Carter in the Election of 1980. 40th President of the United States
  • Trickle Down Economics

    Trickle Down Economics

    Idea that if the wealthy gained even more wealth and their success would eventually benefit the middle and lower classes
  • AIDS

    AIDS

    Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome- STD that had a huge outbreak; soon called the ´gay plague´ because of its prominence in gay men, but soon affected every walk of life. No cure.
  • Economic Recovery Tax Act

    Economic Recovery Tax Act

    Passed by Reagan. Reduced individual taxes by 25%, one of the largest tax cuts in American history. Heavily supported ´Reaganomics´.
  • Supply Side Economics

    Supply Side Economics

    Economic theory called ´Reaganomics´ that President Reagan introduced that encouraged tax cuts and limited government spending. Wanted to stimulate investing and economic growth.
  • PACTO Strike

    PACTO Strike

    Reagan fired thousands of federal air traffic controllers who broke their contract by joining their Union, called PACTO.
  • Sandra Day O'Connor

    Sandra Day O'Connor

    President Reagan nominated her for the Supreme Court. O´Connor became the first ever woman to serve on the court.
  • SDI

    SDI

    Strategic Defense Initiative, project introduced by Reagan. Project develops missiles that can intercept and stop enemy missiles.
  • Beirut Bombings

    Beirut Bombings

    An Arab suicide squad bombed the US embassy in Beirut killing over 60 people. Months later more Arab terrorists drove a bomb filled trucks into a marine base
  • PLO

    PLO

    Palestine Liberation Organization. Violent radicals against Israel
  • Walter Mondale

    Walter Mondale

    Democratic nomination to be President. Previously Jimmy Carter's vice president.
  • Geraldine Ferrarro

    Geraldine Ferrarro

    First woman to run for vice president. Running mate of Mondale.
  • Boland Amendment

    Boland Amendment

    Passed by Congress to stop any further aid to the contras (US backed rebels against the Sandinistas)
  • Mikhail Gorbachev

    Mikhail Gorbachev

    Became new leader of the Soviet Union
  • Glasnost and Perestroika

    Glasnost and Perestroika

    New reforms introduced by Gorbachev. Glasnost encouraged political freedom and Perestroika encouraged a free market.
  • William Rehinquist

    William Rehinquist

    New Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; scaled back affirmative action when hiring and required minors to tell their parents before they had an abortion.
  • Iran Contra Affair

    Iran Contra Affair

    Secret government project where America sold tanks and aircrafts to Iran military in exchange for American hostages
  • Immigration Act of 1986

    Immigration Act of 1986

    Made hiring new illegal immigrants illegal, but granted amnesty to illegal immigrants who were in the country before the bill was passed.
  • Tear Down This Wall

    Tear Down This Wall

    Famous line from Ronald Reagan's speech, addressed to Gorbachev to try and end the Cold War
  • INF Agreement

    INF Agreement

    Gorbachev and Reagan met and agreed to destroy all of their intermediate range missiles
  • Yasser Afarat

    Yasser Afarat

    Leader of PLO; recognized Israel's right to exist
  • George H.W. Bush

    George H.W. Bush

    Republican nominee for the Presidential Election of 1988, was vice president to Reagan.
  • Tienanmen Square

    Tienanmen Square

    Pro Democracy students demonstrated their want for freedom in Beijing's TIananmen Square. The Chinese Communist government sent in tanks to stop it and killed hundreds
  • Lech Walsea

    Lech Walsea

    Was elected in Poland from the Solidarity movement. Started with the fall of Communism in Poland
  • Panama Invasion

    Panama Invasion

    President Bush ordered US troops to invade Panama to remove the autocratic General Manuel Noriega. Ordered the attack to stop Noriega from using Panama as a drug line to the US
  • Fall of the Berlin Wall

    Fall of the Berlin Wall

    Berlin Wall was the unofficial symbol of Communism in Eastern Europe during the Cold War. It was torn down by angry protesters.
  • Saddam Hussein

    Saddam Hussein

    Dictator of Iraq and threatened Western oil sources by invading Kuwait.
  • Read My Lips, No New Taxes

    Read My Lips, No New Taxes

    Promise made by Bush that he broke when he passed a Congressional bill to increase taxes.
  • Americans With Disabilities Act

    Americans With Disabilities Act

    Passed by Bush; forbid discrimination against people with mental and physical disability when hiring someone and public accommodation.
  • Internet

    Internet

    Invented and changed the way of everyone in the world inexplicably. Came with economic boom.
  • Breakup of the Soviet Union

    Breakup of the Soviet Union

    Multiple countries declared independence from the Soviet Union and it steadily dissolved.
  • Boris Yeltsin

    Boris Yeltsin

    President of the Russian Republic. Joined with the nine now independent countries of the Soviet Union to form the Confederation of Independent States. Stopped Communism and instituted free democracy.
  • Persian Gulf War

    Persian Gulf War

    Retaliation against Saddam Hussein
  • Clarence Thomas

    Clarence Thomas

    Nominated by President Bush to the Supreme Court to replace Thurgood Marshall. Not supported by African-Americans because of his conservative views and he had multiple allegations of sexual harassment made against him. Senate accepted anyway.
  • Start I and II

    Start I and II

    An agreement between US and Russia that said they would limit the number of nuclear warheads each side was allowed to have. Dropped with each Start.
  • Bill Clinton

    Bill Clinton

    Won primaries and became Democratic Presidential nomination. First baby boomer to be nominated for President.
  • Ross Perot

    Ross Perot

    Billionaire who ran as independent party for President. Won 20% of popular vote, highest vote for third party since 1912 with the Progressive Party.
  • Brady Bill

    Brady Bill

    A gun control law named after a man that was shot and injured during the Reagan assassination attempt. Demanded a five day waiting period before purchasing a handgun.
  • West Bank and Gaza Strip

    West Bank and Gaza Strip

    PLO and Israel came to an agreement and decided that the PLO could have control of the West Bank and Gaza Strip as long as the PLO recognized Israel as a country worth existing.
  • Failure of Health Reforms

    Failure of Health Reforms

    Every health reform, mainly proposed by Hillary Clinton was shot down by the Republican partyq
  • Don't Ask, Don't Tell

    Don't Ask, Don't Tell

    Compromise created by Clinton that allowed gay and lesbian troops to be in the military as long as they did not acknowledge their sexuality openly.
  • NAFTA

    NAFTA

    North American Free Trade Agreement; created free trade agreement with Canada and Mexico
  • NRA

    NRA

    National Rifle Association. Heavily opposed the Brady Bill
  • Deficit Reduction Budget

    Deficit Reduction Budget

    Passed by Congress that cut billions from spending and billions in tax increases. Increased funding for education and job traing
  • WTO

    WTO

    The World Trade Organization; international and established to supervise trade and settle disputes with trade between all nations
  • Newt Gingrich

    Newt Gingrich

    Speaker of the House; led the Republicans when they were coming after Federal programs.
  • Contract with America

    Contract with America

    Gingrich´s manifesto. Outlined their dislike of the federal programs and the way the government was spending money. Led to Republicans gaining main control of Congress
  • Oklahoma City Bombings

    Oklahoma City Bombings

    Federal building in Oklahoma was bombed by militia movement radicals. Worst act of terrorism known to America until 9/11
  • Welfare Reform

    Welfare Reform

    Bill passed that reduced welfare and forced recipients of welfare to find jobs.
  • Bob Dole

    Bob Dole

    Republican that ran against Bill Clinton in the Election of 1996. Promised tax cuts if elected.
  • Madeline Albright

    Madeline Albright

    First woman to serve as Secretary of State.
  • G-8

    G-8

    An international organization that consisted of the 8 largest capitalist nations, included; US, Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Canada, Russia. Had extensive control over international finances.
  • Clinton Impeachment

    Clinton Impeachment

    Congress impeached President Clinton on the charges of Perjury and Obstruction of Justice. This all began with the affair he had with a White House Intern.
  • Nuclear Proliferation

    Nuclear Proliferation

    The fact that more countries were gaining access to nuclear weapons and testing them.
  • Bosnia and Kosnovo

    Bosnia and Kosnovo

    A Serbian dictator sent in armed forced to stop these countries from gaining independence
  • Ethnic Cleansing

    Ethnic Cleansing

    Thousands of religious and racial minorities were killed in the former Yugoslav provinces by a Serbian dictator
  • George W. Bush

    George W. Bush

    Son of President George H.W. Bush. Republican party nomination for the Election of 2000, ran against Al Gore.
  • Al Gore

    Al Gore

    President Clinton's vice President. Nomination for the Democratic party during the election of 2000. Ran against George W. Bush
  • Bush v. Gore

    Bush v. Gore

    Supreme Court of Florida recounted all votes but US Supreme Court overruled them. Court ruled that Florida's recount violated the 14th Amendment
  • 9/11

    9/11

    Terrorist flied 4 planes into the World Trade Center, Pentagon and Pennsylvania killing thousands. Biggest and most horrific terror attack in American history
  • Al-Qaeda

    Al-Qaeda

    Terrorist organization that performed 9/11
  • Osama Bin Laden

    Osama Bin Laden

    Leader of the Al-Qaeda. Orchestrated 9/11 and most wanted person ever by the US government
  • Taliban

    Taliban

    The government that Bin Laden was being protected under. After refusing to give up Bin Laden the US government overthrew them.
  • Homeland Security

    Homeland Security

    Created in response to 9/11 and included aspects of 20+ federal agencies. Included Coast Guard, Secret Service, Customs
  • EU

    EU

    The European Union; a combined economy that included 15 nations in Europe majority of which now have the same currency, euro.
  • No Child Left Behind

    No Child Left Behind

    Introduced nationwide testing and aimed to improve students academic performance and bridge the gap between economically privileged students and impoverished students.
  • Enron

    Enron

    Large corporation that lied about their state earnings by utilizing accounting companies.
  • Housing Bubble

    Housing Bubble

    The end of the technology boom convinced many investors to start moving into real-estate.
  • Axis of Evil

    Axis of Evil

    Name given to Iraq, Iran, and North Korea by President Bush during his State of the Union Address, in a reference to terrorism.
  • WMDs

    WMDs

    Weapons of Mass Destruction. Usually nuclear and biological weapons
  • Bush Tax Cuts

    Bush Tax Cuts

    Bush pushed tax cuts for stock dividends, capital gains and married people. Benefitted the rich and increased national debt.
  • Operation Iraqi Freedom

    Operation Iraqi Freedom

    US troops invaded Iraq to fight against Saddam Hussein. Saddam and many other Iraqi leaders were captured.
  • Abu Ghraib Prison

    Abu Ghraib Prison

    A prison in Iraq that was taken over by US troops. Photos were leaked and the barbaric treatment of prisoners by US soldiers appalled the American people.
  • John Kerry

    John Kerry

    Vietnam War veteran who ran for President in 2004 and lost.
  • Hurricane Katrina

    Hurricane Katrina

    Extreme natural disaster that destroyed majority of New Orleans. Caused Americans to criticize Bush for its lack of response and aid.
  • Kyoto Accord

    Kyoto Accord

    Agreement to try and prevent Global Warming. US walked out of the negotiations for it.
  • Great Recession

    Great Recession

    Home investments flopped due to millions of home foreclosures throughout the country. ´Real estate bubble´ burst.
  • Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac

    Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac

    Financial institutions that were taken over by the federal government.
  • Hillary Clinton

    Hillary Clinton

    Supposed to be the Democratic nomination for the Election of 2008, but was beaten out by Barack Obama
  • Barack Obama

    Barack Obama

    Democratic nominee for the Presidential Election of 2008. First ever African-American President of America
  • John McCain

    John McCain

    Republican nominee for the Presidential Election of 2008. Lost to Obama.
  • Sarah Palin

    Sarah Palin

    Running mate to John McCain. Second women on the Presidential ticket to be vice president
  • DC vs. Heller

    DC vs. Heller

    A court case that brought up the 2nd amendment and how an individual had the right to bear arms even if not connected in any way to law enforcement.
  • Sonia Sotomayor

    Sonia Sotomayor

    Associate Justice of the Supreme Court that was nominated by President Obama. First Associate Justice of Hispanic descent
  • Dodd-Frank Act

    Dodd-Frank Act

    Used to reduce risk and increase the clearness of the financial market within the United States
  • Affordable Care Act

    Affordable Care Act

    Expanded Medicaid. Demanded majority of employers provide health care, have insurance. AKA Obamacare
  • Tea Party

    Tea Party

    Conservative political movement that went against Obama's economic and health care policies
  • Debt Ceiling

    Debt Ceiling

    A limit placed on the federal government about how much money they were allowed to borrow.
  • Arab Spring

    Arab Spring

    Violent and non-violent protests in the Middle East and Northern Africa
  • Citizens United

    Citizens United

    Dealt with regulating campaign spending.
  • Syrian Civil War

    Syrian Civil War

    Came from the Iraq War. Rebels fighting against their oppressor Bashar al-Assad
  • Mitt Romney

    Mitt Romney

    Republican nominee for President in the Election of 2012
  • Boston Marathon Bombing

    Boston Marathon Bombing

    A series of bombs were set off at this large marathon. 3 were killed and hundreds more injured.
  • Shelby Counter v. Holder

    Shelby Counter v. Holder

    A Supreme Court case that questioned whether parts of the Voting Rights Act were constitutional
  • Same Sex Marriage

    Same Sex Marriage

    A Supreme Court Case decided that same sex marriage is legal and constitutional.