Applied Linguistics Overview By Benjamin L. Stewart Jan 1, 1800 Grammar-translation method Grammar-translation method Jan 1, 1900 Direct method Direct method Jan 1, 1900 Behaviorism Behaviorism Jul 24, 1907 Structural Linguistics SemioticsStructural LinguisticsFerndinand de Saussure Jan 1, 1920 Reading/vocabulary movement General Service List of English Words Jan 1, 1940 Audiolingualism Audiolingual method Jan 1, 1959 Universal Grammar Universal Grammar Jan 1, 1972 Communicative Competence Communicative Competence Jan 1, 1973 Systemic-functional Grammar Social SemioticsSystemic-functional Grammar Jan 1, 1975 Notional-functional Syllabus Notional-functional Syllabus Jan 1, 1981 Communicative Language Teaching CLT Jan 1, 1982 Krashen's Theory of SLA Krashen Jul 24, 1989 Focus on assessment and test validity Test ValidityWashback Effect Jan 1, 1997 Computer-assisted Language Learning CALL Jan 1, 1998 Emergentism and complexity theory Complex Adaptive System (CAS)Ellis Y Larsen-Freemen (2006)Ellis (1998)