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by inventing the printing press people can read the bible in their vernacular. -
the end of the Byzantine empire and the Ottomans implemented tariffs the other countrys so the age of discovery happened because they try to find a new route to India -
An English and Welsh ruling house that reigned in England and was founded by Henry the 7
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Columbus voyage to America but he thinks he is in India -
was a Decree issued in 1492 by the Spanish catholic monarchs to kick out all of the Muslims and the Jews -
It was the capture of Granada by king Ferdinand the 2 and queen Isabelle and they took Granada from the Muslims. -
He complete the design after 4 years of work -
He nailed 95 things wrong with Catholic church and stared the protestant reformation -
It was summoned by the Holy Roman empire and he refused which then the chalilic church said his writes where hearsay -
A book written by Machiavelli which tells rulers to maintain their power and its better to be feared then loved -
Issued by King Henry 8 which made him the monarch the supreme head of the English church ending papal authority -
Copernicus argues that the sun is in the center of the solar system not earth. which at the time people thought it was the earth in the center. -
The catholic acknowledges that they were wrong about only good works getting you into heaven. and Say that you need faith and good works to get to salvation and this was their response to the protestant reformation
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It was a treaty that ended religious wars between Catholics and Lutherans. which recognized Cuius regio eius religo. Or whose realm, his religion -
The English navy defeated the Spanish navy because the English had superior naval tactics. The Spanish had experienced sailors. -
the Catholics attempted to get rid of French Calvinist in France. the death toll is between 2,000 and 10,000 -
It was a bloody religious war and Henry of Navarre was the winner of the conflict. becoming the king of France
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Is a law singed by king Henry the 4 of France that gave rights to Calvinist protesters which ended a religious war between Calvinist and Catholics. -
starts with the defenestration of Prague
phase 1 Bohemian
phase 2 Danish
phase 3 Swedish
phase 4 French
ends with the peace of Westphalia
this is the last religious war fought in Europe and is a bridge between religious wars to political wars. -
the royalist who supported Charles the first were against the parliaments (50 bucks if you can guess which group they belonged too) and they where led by Oliver Cromwell and they defeated the royalist and excited king Charles and Oliver established the Commonwealth
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James the second is replaced by William 3 and Mary the 2. they exiled James the second and replaced him with William and Mary. James was an absolute monarch and not very popular with parliament and so they revolted and replaced them with William and Mary who were constitutional monarch and they helped make the bill of rights. -
he is the definition of an absolute monarchy. he called himself the sun king. he centralized his power by moving his court to pairs to Versailles so he can keep the nobility there and busy so they can't interfere with his power. -
it limits the power of the monarchy and gives people basic rights. it also implemented laws for taxes and gave people freedom of speech. John Locke's treatise on government argues against divine rights of kings and argued for basic rights and that government should only lock down your rights and keep you safe. -
this treaty ends the war of the Spanish succession and established a new balance of power making Philip the 5 king of Spain and make sure that the franchise and Spanish crowns would remain separate. this helped great Britain because they got new territory boosting there power. -
she made military reforms and founded modern Austria and solidify Hamburg rule and was involved in the seven year wars she was titled the savior of the Habsburg dynasty.
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The Encyclopedia is Diderot's big book of Knowledge and was trying to teach people to think for themselves and become more educated even tho it challenge some Church views I was still included in church library's because the church also wanted people to be knowledgeable. also was good friends with Kathryn the great tsar of Russia and the encyclopedia was included in her library
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this war was actually seven years which is nice unlike the 100 years war. it was a conflict that was between great Britain and France for control of the north American content. and Prussia and Austria fighting over Silesia. the war ended with the treaty of Paris with France giving up their land in North America to Britain and Spain.
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Great Britain was one of the first country's to start industrialized because they had a stable government and had a lot of coal and iron and the industrial revolution lead form more agricultural works to more factory and machine works.
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she is the definition of an Enlightened monarch because she helped Diderot's encyclopedia she also didn't make a lot of reforms and kept serfdom and she came to power by (probably) hiring a hit man to take out her husband peter the 3. and there was also a horse that I will not go into detail about.
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a peasant revolt to overthrow Catherine the Great and it doesn't work.
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this marked the birth of American and inspired many revolutions and slave revolutions and it most famously inspired the French revolution. it also had enlightened ideas and the (most) of the founding fathers agreed that all men where crated equal. -
this started because of the imbalance of the estate systems and louis XVI did nothing about it and so people got mad and stormed the bastille and they took Louis out and made him make reforms but he didn't last and the revolution went crazy and the national assembly was formed were they made new reforms and made the Tennis court oath were they planned to keep on meeting until a new constitution was made. -
when the French were busy with the chaos of the French revolution the Haitians had a revolution and they were successful until Napoleon came and took back Haiti because napoleon wanted his colonies back because he just sold the Louisiana purchase to the Americans for some money to fight in the wars.
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so Robespierre was a crazy radical and had a lot of fun cutting peoples heads off because they were "against the revolution" and he had Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette and he and his committee killed around 40 thousand people because they were against the revolution. -
Napoleon sized power by throwing a coup and became a consulate with two people but they Napoleon edit the constitution and he made himself the first consulate and in charge -
he made himself Emperor of the french and not of France. doing this he acknowledges that the people give him power and they can take that away. -
the empire dissolved because of threat from Napoleon and this help pave the way for modern day Germany -
Napoleon is defeated by the Duke of wellington. and this makes Europe at peace and Napoleon is exiled and later dies too colon cancer. -
the met in Austria to reorganized the continent after Napoleon lost power -
this is when Metternich pushed heavy conservatism and suppressed liberal national revolutions and perverse balance of power.
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This decree made heavy censorship to Liberalism and Nationalism in universities -
A bunch of people gathered for parliament respiration but the Yeomen Calvary charged into the crowd and killed 18 people and 700 inured -
he dies on his Island he was exiled to. and he dies to basically colon cancer. -
Nobles and Russian army officers refused to swear allegiance to the new Tsar Nichols the first if he did not abolish serfdom. they were unsuccessful. -
Charles the X is overthrown and Louis-Philippe becomes the citizen king -
Belgium had a nationalistic riots and it led to them getting independence and getting a constitutional monarchy (and I already talk about France) -
this is where Great Britain redoes their elector system and lets more middle class men be able to vote. -
many of these revolutions fail and they are all inspired by either liberal, nationalist or socialist ideas. and Metternich was removed on march 31st and is no longer the king of Austria and Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote the communist manifesto. -
Russia Invades the Ottomans because they want to help the christian but in reality they want to take the land and have access to the Mediterranean sea. Also is the first war with photography. Also Russia loses
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Italy became a country after this because they were able to get the french to fight the Austrians and so they can take the Italian states and make it one nation. -
This revolution was a more global one and if focused on steel and oil production
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Italy is unified by Cavour and Baribali and Alexander the second finally ends serfdom in Russia. -
in this war Prussia gains control of the German states and is closer to a unified Germany. -
led by Otto Von Bismark the Prussians successfully defeated the french led by Napoleon 3 and Germany is united by kaiser Wilhelm the first and they crown him in the hall of mirrors.
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the congress of Berlin was set up to stop nations from competing against each other and to reduce conflict between the countries -
they did this to isolate Frances and to intimidate Russia so they wouldn't attack them. this lasted until 1915 when Italy switched sides. -
1 soda -
Bismarck regulated colonization in Africa and helped colonize 90% of it and the aim of this was to prevent nations from competing with each other but it made it worse.
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France falsely imprison a Jewish man for treason and a lot of antisemitism spreads and Jews now have a stronger want for a Jewish state. -
Russia is a mess and they don't like the current Tsar. Tsar Nicholas the 2 and he tries to get the public on his side by fighting a war in Japan but loses badly and now people hate him even more. and so he creates a Duma which is kind of like a parliament and then he cause more problems and there is a peaceful protest that ends in a massacre called bloody Sunday where the army kills the peaceful protesters. -
An Alliance between Britain France and Russia to compete with Germany Italy and Austria-Hungary. -
Austria Hungary diced that they will annex land for the ottomans because it is a weakening empire and they take the land of Bosnia -
Bulgiria declared war on the ottoman empire and won the first war but in the second Balkan war they lost because Romania invaded them and pushed a lot of Slavic people into Serbia and Austria hungry and the ottoman lot a lot of their territory
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this is what kicks off world war one because one guy wanted to make a statement and wanted a state for Slavic people and he made Europe explode like a powder keg. -
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