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1215
Magna Carta
- John I is forced to sign the Magna Carta it limits royal power gives basic rights to nobles
- Establishes that the monarch's power is not absolute in Great Britain
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Period: 1450 to
Commercial Revolution
- Expansion of trade, banking, economic practices in Europe
- Lays foundation for modern capitalism the Industrial Revolution
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Period: 1450 to
Period 1 (1450-1648)
Includes Unit 1 2 -
Period: 1450 to 1550
Renaissance
- Revival of interest in culture, trade, art, education
- Humanism individualism
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Period: 1450 to
Age of Exploration
- Columbian Exchange Triangular Trade
- Exploration, trade, colonization of the New World
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Period: 1517 to
Protestant Reformation
- Started from Martin Luther's split from the RCC
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Period: 1535 to
Catholic (Counter) Reformation
- Council of Trent
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Period: 1543 to
Scientific Revolution
- Apart of Period 2
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Period: 1550 to
Baroque Art
- Replaces mannerism
- Art of the Catholic Reformation
- Dramatic movement, color, lighting effects to evoke intense emotion spiritual awe, over-ornamentation, curved lines
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1555
Peace of Augsburg
- German princes can choose between Lutheranism Catholicism for their states
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Period: 1580 to
Witchcraft period
- Huge increase in accusations of witchcraft (especially women)
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Defeat of the Spanish Armada
- England defeats the Spanish Armada
- Establishes England as a maritime power Spain's decline in power
- England: Elizabeth I
- Spain: Philip II
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Period: to
Thirty Years War
- Began when the Holy Roman Emperor wanted to end Calvinism since the Peace of Augsburg only recognized Lutheranism Catholicism
- Ends w/ the Peace of Westphalia
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Period: to
English Civil War
- Cavaliers vs Roundheads
- Roundheads win Oliver Cromwell controls the government
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Period: to
Louis XIV
- Sun king peak of French absolutism
- During his rule, he will:
- Builds Palace of Versailles- cultural center of Europe- contributes to Enlightenment starting in France
- Appoints Jean-Baptiste Colbert- mercantilist policies, encouraged French people to move to Canada
- *Participation of wars-
- *Issues Edict of Fontainebleau-
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Period: to
Period 2 (1648-1815)
Includes Unit 3, 4, 5 -
Restoration
- Restoration of the Stuart Monarchy
- Charles II restored to the throne
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Period: to
Enlightenment
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Glorious Revolution
- James II is dethroned
- Beginning of the rule of William II (of Orange) Mary II
- Bloodless revolution that will affirm the sovereignty of parliament
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Period: to
War of Spanish Succession
- Treaty of Utrecht
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Period: to
Rococo Art
- Similar to baroque art, but it is more ornamental less formal
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Ascension of George I (Hanover)
- Ascends the throne because Anne I dies the Act of Settlement
- Power shifts to the prime minister cabinet (Walpole becomes the 1st Prime Minister)
- Beginning of Hanover Dynasty
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Period: to
Industrial Revolution
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American Revolution
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Period: to
French Revolution
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Period: to
Neoclassicism
- Revival of interest in classical art (similar to the Renaissance)
- Initially it was a reaction to the excess amounts of rococo art
- Reflected the age of Enlightenment
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Period: to
Napoleon
- *Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815)
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Congress of Vienna
- Leads to the Concert of Europe
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Period: to
Period (1815-1914)
Includes Unit 6 7 -
Period: to
Romanticism
- Reaction to the Enlightenment/neoclassicism Industrial Revolution
- Expression of emotional nationalism heroism
- Glorifies nature, the peasants, the past, individual experiences, nationalistic movements
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Period: to
Realism
- Made possible by the Industrial Revolution because it made materials more accessible a reaction to Romanticism's sentiments emotions
- Represented things as realistically as possible not perfectly by focusing on everyday life
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Period: to
Crimean War
- Ends the Concert of Europe
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Period: to
Impressionism
- Impressions of what you see not exactly what is there
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Period: to
Modern Art
- Includes futurism, surrealism, dadaism, cubism, expressionism, abstractionism
- Strongly influenced by Sigmund Freud, Albert Einstein, World Wars, Atomic Age, modern media, change in concept of identity
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Period: to
2nd Industrial Revolution
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Period: to
Period 4 (1914-present)
Includes Unit 8 9 -
Period: to
WWI
- M.A.I.N.- militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism
- Starts after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
- Ends w/ the Treaty of Versailles
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Period: to
Interwar Period
- Roaring 20s/economic prosperity - Great Depression
- Rise of totalitarian/authoritarian states fascism
- League of Nations
- Spanish Civil War
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Period: to
WWII
- Holocaust Nazis
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Operation Barbarossa
- Hitler launches an attack on the Soviet Union despite the Hitler-Stalin Pact
- Fails after the Siege of Stalingrad, which turns the tide on the eastern front
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Pearl Harbor
- Japanese bomb US naval base, Pearl Harbor
- US declares war on Japan Germany declares war on the US
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Wannsee Conference
- Conference where Hitler his officials come up w/ the Final Solution
- Based on Hitler's antisemitic beliefs his belief in Aryan superiority
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Period: to
United Nations
- International peacekeeping organization
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Truman Doctrine
- Containment: Aimed to "contain" the spread of communism
- Supported democracy by providing aid
- Led to more tensions that will start the Cold War
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Period: to
Cold War
- Iron Curtain
- Proxy wars
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Period: to
NATO
- Alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty
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Period: to
COMECON
- Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
- Economic organization led by the Soviet Union consisting of countries in the Soviet Bloc
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Period: to
Warsaw Pact
- Collective defensive treaty between the Soviet countries other communist countries
- Response to the creation of NATO/North Atlantic Treaty Organization