Ancient Greece & Etruria

Ancient Greek

Period: 3000 BCE to 146 BCE

The Ancient Greek was for foundational contributions to Western civilization, that covers democracy, philosophy, art, and science. It focuses on the timeline key periods which were the Bronze Age, Dark Ages, Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic. It also traces the rise of city-states like the Persian Wars, and the spread of Greek culture by Alexander the Great.

Ancient Etruria

Period: 900 BCE to 27 BCE

Ancient Estruscan (c. 900-27 BCE) is crucial for cultural, technical and artistic to the Rome Empire. They were the first builder that made Italy and provided engineering, architecture and urban planning techniques. They held lots of of power and wealth, also well known for its vibrant realistic terracotta art.

Geometric Period, Dipylon Amphora, 1.55 meters (over 5 feet) tall, The Dipylon Painter, Clay, Ancient Greek, Geometric

750 BCE

The deceased is placed with a shroud on a bier surrounded by mourners with illustrative raised arms. It displays the funerary practices of Athens wealthy population of the Aristocratic cemetery location. Its wheel made with an ovoid body as the human and animal figures are in stylized manner.

Archaic Period, Nikandre, 1.75 meters tall, Marble, National Archaeological Museum

650 BCE

The Nikandre was dedicated as votive offering in the sanctuary of Artemis, Delos and possibly on the occasion of marriage. While males, the Kuros is idealized nude figure while Nikandre is fully clothed. It symbolizes a sign of respect or a discovery in sexuality in Greek efforts to oppress female promiscuity and virginity.

Orientalizing Period, Lady Of Auxerre, 75cm, Limestone, Louvre Museum In Paris

630 BCE

The Lady Auxerre is an example of early Greek sculpture, dating back to back around 650-600 BCE. It visualizes the daedalic style reflecting naturalism. It’s a standing woman who is represented as a goddess and she reflects the religious and cultural practices of time that offers to a deity. It showcases Near Eastern Art in changes in culture in classical periods.

Estrusian Art, Sarcophagus Of The Spouses (Rome), 1.14m x 1.9m, Terracotta Sculpture, Banditaccia Necropolis, Cerveteri

520 BCE

The Sacrophagus Of The Spouses (C. 520 BCE) symbolizes high status of women in their society of Etruscan as they believed in the afterlife is to be constant joy instead of sadness. They also have master over terracotta, firing large complex figures. The banquets they took up were the signs of economic and social distinction in funerary context.

Estrusian Art, Sarcophagus Of The Spouses (Louvre), 1.14 m x 1.9 m, Terracotta, Banditaccia Necropolis In Caere

510 BCE

Sarcophagus Of The Spouses (c. 510 BCE) shows more freedom for Estruscan women. Unlike Greece or Rome, they were allowed to dine more with their husbands and signifies more of gender equality among women as well as intimate companionship and non somber of the afterlife. The “eternal banquet” also emphasizes after death for companionship. The banquets is split into two pets allowing the artist to easily manipulate pieces after firing.

Tomb Of The Triclinium, 1.9 meters, Rock and Stone, Tarquinia, Italy

470 BCE

The Tomb Of The Triclinium (c. 470 BCE) in the Tarquinia, Italy is significant chamber tomb is beneficial for understanding funerary rituals and art. It depicts more of a hopeful outlook rather than somber and grief as a way to celebrate life, emphasizing the high social standing of the deceased. Not only containing remains, also variety of goods and offerings entering them.

Early Classical Period, Tomb of the diver, 1.5km, Limestone, National Museum Of Paestum

470 BCE

The Tomb Of The Diver is the diver leaping into the water or an ocean as a way to leaping into the unknown which also symbolizes the structure of the limit of the known world, like evoking the passage to the other world. It was founded by Mario Napoli in June 1968 in Magna Grecia.

High classical Period, The Parthenon

432 BCE

The Parthenon is often regarded as a monument to democracy. It’s founded in the Athens during this timeline and the contribute to the Athenians victory in war. It’s very important to Athens because its built by the worlds most advanced civilization and classical ideals and architecture and achievements.

Late Classical, Alexander Sarcophagus, 200 x 170 x 320 cm, Polychromy Marble, Istanbul Archaeology Museum

307 BCE

Alexander Saceosphagus shows how the the mess of battle and hunt reliefs the cravings Alexander fighting the Persians at the battle of Issus. It also represents life and accomplishments and beliefs and showing the person’s life after death.

Greek Hellenism, Dying Gaul And Ludouisi Gaul, 2.11 m, bronze, Villa Lidovisi

220 BCE

The Ludovisi Gaul is captured the final defiance of a galliac warrior, killing his wife before taking his own life to not be captured to not be enslaved. It emphasizes more of bravery and lot of self respect of defeat. The dying Gaul that signifies the shift toward emotional, realistic art, depicting a defeated Celtic warrior with profound empathy and dignity rather than just barbarian. It highlights themes of courage in defeat, human suffering, and the nobility.