-
Period: to
The Early Republic
-
George Washington's presidency 🟧
America's 1st president, served from 1789-1797 -
John Adam's Presidency 🟧
Americas 2nd president, served from 1789-1801 -
The First Bank of America is established 🟩
The First Bank of the United States was a national bank and chartered for a term of twenty years by the United States Congress
“First Bank of the United States - Independence National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service).” n.d. https://www.nps.gov/inde/learn/historyculture/places-firstbank.htm#:~:text=Congress%20gave%20the%20Bank%20of,finances%20due%20to%20its%20size. -
The Alien and Sedition Acts 🟧
While on the brink of war with France, there were tightened restrictions on foreign-born Americans and limited speech critical of the government.
“Alien and Sedition Acts (1798).” 2023. National Archives. July 27, 2023. https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/alien-and-sedition-acts#:~:text=Passed%20in%20preparation%20for%20an,brink%20of%20war%20with%20France. -
Thomas Jefferson's Presidency 🟧
America's 3rd President and served from 1801-1809 -
The Louisiana Purchase🟩
The United States acquired modern-day Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota through a land deal with France. -
James Madison's Presidency 🟧
America's 4th President and served from 1809-1817 -
Period: to
Manifest Destiny/Westward Expansion
-
War of 1812 🟥
The United States and Great Britain fought a conflict over British violations of U.S. maritime rights.
Heidler, Jeanne T, Heidler, and David S. 2025. “War of 1812 | History, Summary, Causes, Effects, Timeline, Facts, Significance.” Encyclopedia Britannica. February 11, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/event/War-of-1812. -
Period: to
The Era of Good Feelings
-
James Monroe's Presidency 🟧
America's 5th president and served from 1817-1825 -
Missouri Compromise 🟧
Missouri was accepted as a slave state while Maine was admitted as a free state to keep the balance between slave and free states in the country. Additionally, it prohibited slavery north of the 36º 30' latitude line in the rest of the Louisiana Territory.
“Missouri Compromise (1820).” 2022. National Archives. May 10, 2022. https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/missouri-compromise#:~:text=This%20legislation%20admitted%20Missouri%20as,remainder%20of%20the%20Louisiana%20Territory. -
John Quincy Adam's Presidency 🟧
America's 6th President and served from 1825-1829 -
Period: to
The Jacksonian Era
-
Andrew Jackson's Presidency 🟧
America's 7th President and served from 1829-1837 -
Indian Removal Act 🟧
The president was given the power to give away land west of the Mississippi River in return for Native American lands that were already part of the states.
“Research Guides: Indian Removal Act: Primary Documents in American History: Introduction.” n.d. https://guides.loc.gov/indian-removal-act#:~:text=The%20Indian%20Removal%20Act%20was,many%20resisted%20the%20relocation%20policy. -
The Nullification Crisis 🟧
The convention approved the Ordinance of Nullification, which claimed that the protective tariffs were “null and void”
“Nullification Crisis, States’ Rights, Tariff of 1828, Andrew Jackson, John C. Calhoun, South Carolina, Secession, Federal Authority.” n.d. Bill of Rights Institute. https://billofrightsinstitute.org/essays/the-nullification-crisis -
Martin Van Buren's Presidency 🟧
America's 8th President and served from 1837-1841 -
Trail of Tears 🟪
the forced relocation of 60,000 Native Americans from their homes and reservations in the southeastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River -
William Henry Harrison's short Presidency 🟧
America's 9th President and served from March 1841 to April 1841, marking the shortest term ever -
John Tyler's Presidency 🟧
America's 10th President and served from 1841-1845 -
James K. Polk's Presidency 🟧
America's 11th President and served from 1845-1849 -
The Mexican-American war 🟥
This was the U.S.'s first military conflict mainly outside its borders. U.S. President James K. Polk sought after manifest destiny and the expansion of the U.S in to Mexico.
“Mexican‑American War.” 2009. History.Com. November 9, 2009. Accessed March 3, 2025. https://www.history.com/topics/19th-century/mexican-american-war. -
California gold rush 🟪
A wave of people flooded into California after gold was discovered at Sutter’s Mill
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2025. “California Gold Rush | Definition, History, Facts.” Encyclopedia Britannica. February 3, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/topic/California-Gold-Rush. -
Zachary Taylor's Presidency 🟧
America's 12th President and served from 1849-1850 -
Compromise of 1850 🟧
A set of actions suggested by U.S. Senator Henry Clay and approved by Congress aimed to resolve various problems related to slavery and prevent the potential breakup of the Union.
Urofsky, and Melvin I. 2025. “Compromise of 1850 | Summary, Map, Facts, Significance.” Encyclopedia Britannica. February 28, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/event/Compromise-of-1850#:~:text=The%20Compromise%20of%201850%20was,of%20dissolution%20of%20the%20Union. -
Millard Fillmore's Presidency 🟧
America's 13th President and served from 1850-1853 -
Franklin Pierce's Presidency 🟧
America's 14th President and served from 1853-1857 -
Bleeding Kansas 🟥 🟧
the period of violence and conflict in the Kansas Territory from 1854 to 1861, sparked by the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the debate over slavery's expansion into the territory.
HISTORY.com Editors. 2025. “Bleeding Kansas - Summary, Causes John Brown’s Role | HISTORY.” HISTORY. February 18, 2025. https://www.history.com/articles/bleeding-kansas. -
James Buchanan's Presidency 🟧
America's 15th President and served from 1857-1861 -
Period: to
The Civil War
-
Abraham Lincoln's Presidency 🟧
America's 16th president and served from 1861-1863 -
Battle of Appomattox courthouse 🟥
The battle where Confederate General Robert E. Lee gave up his army to Union General Ulysses S. Grant ending the Civil War
“Appomattox Court House.” n.d. American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/appomattox-court-house. -
Andrew Johnson's Presidency 🟧
America's 17th President and served from 1865-1869 -
The Transcontinental Railroad 🟩 🟪
The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad made it much easier to transport goods within the country.
History.com Editors. 2025. “Gilded Age - Fashion, Period Definition | HISTORY.” HISTORY. February 27, 2025. https://www.history.com/articles/gilded-age#Transcontinental-Railroad. -
Ulysses Grant's Presidency 🟧
America's 18th President and served from 1869-1877 -
Period: to
The Gilded Age
-
Rutherford B. Hayes' Presidency 🟧
America's 19th President and served from 1877-1881 -
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 🟦 🟩
The first strike in U.S. history to spread across multiple states.
“Homepage.” 2025. Hearst Networks EMEA. March 7, 2025. https://www.history.com/articles/gilded-age. -
James A. Garfield's short Presidency 🟧
America's 20th President and served from March 4, 1881–September 19, 1881 -
Chester A. Arthur's Presidency 🟧
America's 21st President and served from 1881-1885 -
The Chinese Exclusion Act 🟪 🟧
This law imposed a 10-year ban on Chinese workers coming to the United States. It was the first time that federal legislation prohibited a specific ethnic group from entering the U.S.
“Chinese Exclusion Act (1882).” 2023. National Archives. January 17, 2023. https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/chinese-exclusion-act. -
Grover Cleveland's Presidency 🟧
America's 22nd and 24th President and served from 1885-1889 and once again from 1893-1901 -
Benjamin Harrison's Presidency 🟧
America's 23rd President and served from 1889-1893 -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act 🟩
"The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was the first Federal act that outlawed monopolistic business practices."(“Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)” 2022)
“Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890).” 2022. National Archives. March 15, 2022. https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/sherman-anti-trust-act. -
Period: to
The Progressive Era
-
William McKinley's Presidency 🟧
America's 25th President and served from 1897-1901 -
Theodore Roosevelt's Presidency 🟧
America's 26th President and served from 1901-1909 -
Publishing of Souls of Black Folk 🟦
"The Souls of Black Folk is a series of essays in which William Edward Burghardt Du Bois presents his argument about a path toward progress for African Americans: enfranchisement, political power, and education."
“Research Guides: The Souls of Black Folk: Home.” n.d.https://guides.osu.edu/soulsofblackfolk#:~:text=%22The%20Souls%20of%20Black%20Folk%20is%20a%20series%20of%20essays,%2C%20political%20power%2C%20and%20education. -
William Howard Taft's Presidency 🟧
America's 27th president and served from 1909-1913 -
Period: to
The Harlem Renaissance 🟦
A cultural and intellectual movement that celebrated African-American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater, politics, and education that stemmed from Harlem in New York
“———.” 2025b. Hearst Networks EMEA. May 6, 2025. https://www.history.com/articles/harlem-renaissance. -
Period: to
The Great Migration 🟪
About six million Black individuals relocated from the Southern United States to various Northern, Midwestern, and Western states after being freed and recognized as U.S. citizens.
“The Great Migration (1910-1970).” 2021. National Archives. June 28, 2021. https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration. -
Woodrow Wilson's Presidency 🟧
America's 28th President and served from 1913-1921 -
Period: to
WWI
-
WWI begins 🟥
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
Ray, and Michael. n.d. “Timeline of World War I.” Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/list/timeline-of-world-war-i. -
America joins WWl 🟥
The United States declares war on Germany.
Ray, and Michael. n.d. “Timeline of World War I.” Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/list/timeline-of-world-war-i. -
WWI Ends 🟥
Germany and their allies come to an armistice with the U.S and our allies
Ray, and Michael. n.d. “Timeline of World War I.” Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/list/timeline-of-world-war-i. -
The Red Summer 🟦 🟥
"The Red Summer was a pattern of white-on-black violence that occurred in 1919 throughout the United States." (“Racial Violence and the Red Summer” 2021)
“Racial Violence and the Red Summer.” 2021. National Archives. June 28, 2021. https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/wwi/red-summer. -
Period: to
The Roaring 20s
-
The start of the Prohibition 🟧
the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor were made illegal due to increasing alcohol-related issues and crimes
HISTORY.com Editors. 2025. “Prohibition: Years, Amendment and Definition - HISTORY.” HISTORY. March 2, 2025. https://www.history.com/articles/prohibition. -
Women's suffrage and right to vote 🟦
the 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote
“19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Women’s Right to Vote (1920).” 2022. National Archives. February 8, 2022. https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/19th-amendment. -
Warren G. Harding 🟧
America's 29th President and served from 1921-1923 -
Calvin Coolidge's Presidency 🟧
America's 30th President and served from 1923-1929 -
Period: to
The Great Depression
-
Herbert Hoover's Presidency 🟧
America's 31st President and served from 1929-1933 -
The stock market crashes 🟩
"a period of severe decline in stock prices on Wall Street the crash wiped out billions of dollars in wealth and marked the start of the Great Depression."
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2025. “Stock Market Crash of 1929 | Summary, Causes, Facts.” Encyclopedia Britannica. April 23, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/event/stock-market-crash-of-1929. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt's Presidency 🟧
America's 32nd President and served from 1933-1945 -
The First 100 days of FDR 🟧 🟩
"President Roosevelt begins his “first hundred days” in office and 15 laws are introduced rapidly to begin tackling the Great Depression."
Samples, Ijli. 2020. “From Boom to Bust: Timeline of the Great Depression, 1930s.” Historic Newspapers. October 30, 2020. https://www.historic-newspapers.com/blogs/article/great-depression-timeline#1933. -
The end of the Prohibition 🟧
The prohibition was causing issues and casualties due to citizens breaking laws and ingesting toxic alcohol. Americans were going to drink whether it was outlawed or not. The 21st Amendment was passed and the prohibition ended.
HISTORY.com Editors. 2025. “Prohibition: Years, Amendment and Definition - HISTORY.” HISTORY. March 2, 2025. https://www.history.com/articles/prohibition. -
The Dust Bowl migration 🟪
a large-scale migration of people from the Dust Bowl region of the US Great Plains to other parts of the country, primarily California
Parrish, Abraham. 2023. “Climate Migrants of the 1930’s Dust Bowl | Worlds Revealed.” The Library of Congress. December 1, 2023. https://blogs.loc.gov/maps/2023/12/climate-migrants-of-the-1930s-dust-bowl/#:~:text=Nearly%20half%20a%20million%20people,Dust%20Bowl%20at%20Amarillo%2C%20Texas. -
Period: to
WWII
-
Pearl Harbor 🟥
a surprise military attack by Japan on the U.S. Pacific Fleet stationed at Pearl Harbor, The attack caused significant damage and resulted in the deaths of over 2,400 Americans, including civilians
———. 2025b. “Pearl Harbor: Attack, Deaths Facts | HISTORY.” HISTORY. February 27, 2025. https://www.history.com/articles/pearl-harbor#:~:text=Pearl%20Harbor%20is%20a%20U.S.,another%201%2C000%20people%20were%20wounded. -
America Joins WWll 🟥
The United States formally entered World War II after declaring war on Japan following the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor.
“World War II Facts - FDR Presidential Library Museum.” n.d. https://www.fdrlibrary.org/wwii-facts#:~:text=On%20December%207%2C%201941%20Japanese,to%20prevent%20sabotage%20and%20espionage. -
Harry S. Truman's Presidency 🟧
America's 33rd President and served from 1945-1953 -
Period: to
The Cold War
-
The Berlin blockade 🟧
After Germany's defeat, Berlin was split into zones controlled by the U.S.S.R., the U.S., France, and England. The U.S., France, and England formed what was called West Berlin. During the Berlin Blockade, the Soviets cut off access to the western part of the city, leading the Western Allies to set up the Berlin Airlift.
https://247wallst.com/special-report/2023/08/28/most-important-events-during-the-cold-war/ -
The creation of NATO 🟧
NATO, which stands for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, was created to keep peace during the Cold War. It brought together the U.S. and Europe in a defense agreement, promising to help each other if the Soviet Union attacked.
https://247wallst.com/special-report/2023/08/28/most-important-events-during-the-cold-war/ -
Dwight D. Eisenhower's Presidency 🟧
America's 34th President and served from 1953-1961 -
Period: to
Vietnam War 🟥
An armed conflict between North and South Vietnam. The U.S. was involved due to Allied involvement and to stop the spread of communism.
Spector, and Ronald H. 2025. “Vietnam War | Facts, Summary, Years, Timeline, Casualties, Combatants, Facts.” Encyclopedia Britannica. May 7, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War. -
John F. Kennedy's Presidency 🟧
America's 35th President and served from 1961-1963 -
Cuban Missile Crisis 🟥
a 13-day standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union, where the world teetered on the brink of nuclear war.
“Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations - Office of the Historian.” n.d. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/cuban-missile-crisis#:~:text=U.S.%20Jupiter%20missiles%20were%20removed,failed%20Bay%20of%20Pigs%20invasion -
Assassination of JFK 🟧
The assassination of the 35th U.S. president.
Wallenfeldt, and Jeff. 2013. “Assassination of John F. Kennedy | Summary, Facts, Aftermath, Conspiracy.” Encyclopedia Britannica. November 21, 2013. https://www.britannica.com/event/assassination-of-John-F-Kennedy. -
Lyndon B. Johnson 🟧
America's 36th President and served from 1963-1969 -
Richard M. Nixon's Presidency 🟧
America's 37th President and served from 1969-1974 -
Gerald R. Ford's Presidency 🟧
America's 38th President and served from 1974-1977 -
Jimmy Carters Presidency 🟧
America's 39th President and served from 1977-1981 -
Ronald Reagan's Presidency 🟧
America's 40th President and served from 1981-1989 -
Period: to
Contemporary History
-
9/11 🟥
four coordinated terrorist attacks by al-Qaeda that killed thousands of Americans.
“Homepage.” 2025. Hearst Networks EMEA. May 13, 2025. https://www.history.com/articles/9-11-attacks#:~:text=On%20September%2011%2C%202001%2C%20terrorists,and%20the%20invasion%20of%20Afghanistan. -
Period: to
The great recession 🟩
The Great Recession was the sharp decline in economic activity in the U.S
Team, Investopedia. 2025. “Great Recession: What It Was and What Caused It.” Investopedia. March 16, 2025. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/great-recession.asp#:~:text=Causes%20of%20the%20Great%20Recession&text=This%20created%20asset%20bubbles%2C%20especially,left%20many%20other%20homeowners%20underwater. -
The January 6th Attack 🟧 🟥
A heavily armed attack on the white house by MAGA supporters who broke in and assaulted many govt. workers due to Trump losing in the election.
American Oversight. 2025. “The January 6 Attack on the U.S. Capitol - American Oversight.” April 24, 2025. https://americanoversight.org/investigation/the-january-6-attack-on-the-u-s-capitol/.