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Marked the beginning of European exploration along the African coast and paved the way for Portugal's dominance in maritime trade.
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Initiated European colonization in the New World, connecting continents and sparking the Columbian Exchange.
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Portugal established a direct sea route to India, enhancing spice trade and European influence in Asia
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Demonstrated the possibility of global sea travel and underscored the Earth's roundness, marking a major navigational achievement
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Symbolized the violent clash of civilizations and the beginning of Spanish dominance in the Americas
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A critical moment in the globalization of trade, the first multinational corporation set the stage for modern capitalism
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Highlighted the role of forced migration in the global economy and the darker consequences of globalization
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Marked the end of the Seven Years War. redrawing global colonial empires and influencing global power dynamics
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Expanded the scope of European exploration and colonization, reshaping indigenous cultures and territories
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Stabilized post-Napoleonic Europe, influencing global order and setting the stage for continued trade and exploration