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With the invention of the caravel, exploration began to become easier, allowing more people to travel.
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The Ottoman's overtook Constantinople which led to limited trade with Europeans losing access to ports, including North African and Red Sea trade.
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With this successful trip, a path was now open to the Indian Ocean, which had not previously existed.
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Columbus thought he had discovered a route to China but in reality, discovered the New World which is a huge piece of English and American history.
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Cabot allowed the English to have a strong foot in the door for colonization in the New World.
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Vespucci's exploration of the Americas led to him coining the term "New World" and is eventually why the America's are named after him.
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Hernan Cortes finds land where Montezuma II is running a lucrative civilization that Cortes eventually overtakes.
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Magellan famously circumnavigates the globe which allowed the realization that there is a way to get past what was believed to be a "barrier" preventing travel to Asia.
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England becomes the first country to settle a permanent colony in the New World.
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With technological advancements allowing trade and exploration more easily, the time period known as the Age of Discovery comes to an end. This is not to say that exploration stopped entirely.