9TH - SECOND TRIMESTRE TIMELINE EVENTS

By facebooker_1064532315721571
  • Fall of the Western Roman Empire
    476

    Fall of the Western Roman Empire

    Odoacer, a Germanic leader, deposes the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus.
  • Theodoric the Great establishes the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy
    493

    Theodoric the Great establishes the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy

    After defeating Odoacer, Theodoric rules Italy, blending Roman traditions with Germanic governance.
  • Justinian I becomes Byzantine Emper
    527

    Justinian I becomes Byzantine Emper

    He initiates major legal reforms, compiling Roman laws into the Corpus Juris Civilis, and builds the famous Hagia Sophia.
  • Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula begins
    711

    Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula begins

    Muslim forces, led by Tariq ibn Ziyad, defeat the Visigoths, establishing Al-Andalus, a center of culture and learning
  • Battle of Tours – Charles Martel halts the Muslim advance
    732

    Battle of Tours – Charles Martel halts the Muslim advance

    The Frankish army stops Muslim expansion into Western Europe, shaping the continent’s religious and political future.
  • Charlemagne is crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III
    800

    Charlemagne is crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III

    This event strengthens the alliance between the Frankish monarchy and the Catholic Church, reinforcing the idea of a Christian empire in the West.
  • Treaty of Verdun – Division of Charlemagne’s Empire
    843

    Treaty of Verdun – Division of Charlemagne’s Empire

    His grandsons split the empire into three kingdoms, laying the foundation for modern France, Germany, and Italy.
  • Otto I is crowned Holy Roman Emperor
    962

    Otto I is crowned Holy Roman Emperor

    His rule reinforces the idea of a revived Roman Empire in Western Europe, closely tied to the Catholic Church.
  • The Great Schism formally splits Christianity into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox branches.
    1054

    The Great Schism formally splits Christianity into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox branches.

    Religious and political disputes lead to the permanent division of the Christian Church.
  • Norman Conquest of England – Battle of Hastings
    1066

    Norman Conquest of England – Battle of Hastings

    William the Conqueror defeats Harold II, bringing feudalism and a new ruling class to England.
  • Pope Urban II calls for the First Crusade
    1095

    Pope Urban II calls for the First Crusade

    Aimed at reclaiming Jerusalem, this sparks centuries of religious wars between Christians and Muslims.
  • Signing of the Magna Carta in England
    1215

    Signing of the Magna Carta in England

    King John agrees to a document limiting his power, laying the foundation for constitutional governance.
  • The Black Death arrives in Europe
    1347

    The Black Death arrives in Europe

    This devastating plague wipes out a third of the population, leading to social and economic upheaval.
  • Fall of Constantinople – End of the Byzantine Empire
    1453

    Fall of Constantinople – End of the Byzantine Empire

    The Ottoman Turks, led by Mehmed II, conquer the city, marking the end of the Middle Ages.
  • Christopher Columbus reaches the Americas
    1492

    Christopher Columbus reaches the Americas

    With Spanish backing, Columbus’s voyage initiates European colonization of the New World.
  • Martin Luther’s 95 Theses – Start of the Protestant Reformation
    1517

    Martin Luther’s 95 Theses – Start of the Protestant Reformation

    Luther challenges the Catholic Church’s practices, leading to religious and political changes across Europe.
  • Defeat of the Spanish Armada

    Defeat of the Spanish Armada

    England’s victory weakens Spain’s dominance and shifts the balance of naval power.
  • Peace of Westphalia – End of the Thirty Years’ War

    Peace of Westphalia – End of the Thirty Years’ War

    This treaty establishes the concept of state sovereignty, reshaping European politics.
  • Glorious Revolution in England – Birth of constitutional monarchy

    Glorious Revolution in England – Birth of constitutional monarchy

    King James II is overthrown, ensuring parliamentary supremacy over the monarchy.
  • Declaration of Independence of the United States

    Declaration of Independence of the United States

    The American colonies break free from Britain, establishing a new democratic nation.
  • French Revolution begins

    French Revolution begins

    Social unrest and economic crisis lead to the fall of the monarchy and radical political changes.
  • Battle of Waterloo – Napoleon’s final defeat

    Battle of Waterloo – Napoleon’s final defeat

    Napoleon is exiled, and Europe returns to monarchies, ending the Napoleonic Wars

  • Greek War of Independence begins; Mexico gains independence from Spain

    While Greece fights against the Ottoman Empire, Mexico achieves freedom under Agustín de Iturbide.