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the erea between the tigeris and euphrates rivers
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when it was built
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became the first ruler of the Holy Roman Empire,
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burned down
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Founder of Buddhism
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Their leader
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s finished 70 years later on the site of the First Temple, but was badly plundered by invading Romans about
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Under him the second temple was rebuilt in
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black plague starting
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they traded between india
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trading network lasting from the 1600’s to the 1800’s that carried goods and enslaved people between Europe, the Americas, and Africa.
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the Dutch established outposts in the Caribbean, South America (what is now Suriname), South Africa, and what is now Indonesia.
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didn't last
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the British East India Company to begin controlling India’s political and economic life.
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The Sepoy Rebellion was put down and the British government stepped India became a British possession.
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sailed around Australia.
Cook named the area New South Wales.
Ignored the Aborigines living there & claimed the land for England.
Sailors also mapped the coast eastern Australia & Tasmania. -
1787 – British ships called the “First Fleet” left England with convicts to establish a prison colony.
1788—British prisoners settled in Australia. -
New South Wales was officially a penal (prison) colony consisting mainly of convicts, marines (guards), and the marines’ families.
Only 20% of the first convicts were women.
British transported prisoners to Australia until 1868.
By this time, many free immigrants were settling there.
They built businesses, trading posts, farms -
the Chinese government realized that the opium trade and addition was a problem.
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it banned both the production and importation of opium.
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Increase from 4,500 chests of opium per year to 40,000 chests of Opium per year. Britain’s profit increased from two million ounces of silver flowing out of China in exchange for opium in the early 1820s to about nine million ounces in the early 1830s.
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the Chinese government outlawed the smoking of opium and imposed a punishment of beating offenders 100 times.
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Many Indians resented British rule.
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remnants of the tribes in the settled areas were moved onto Reserves.
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it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British and Irish criminals, those who were secondary offenders having re-offended after their arrival in Australia.
In addition, Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.
Pictured to the right is an Aboriginal chain gang of prisoners most likely in transport to a facility like Port Arthur.
Some tales suggest that prisoners committed murder (an offence punishable by death) -
Japan was convinced that it had to “Open Up” to the West.
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Japanese period beginning in 1853 when Japan went from a non-industrial feudal nation to a modern, industrial and imperial power.
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British punished Sepoys who refused to load rifles.
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a large number of British-trained
Indian soldiers(sepoys) rebelled against their British officers Sepoys believed that their bullet cartridges
were sealed with pork and beef fat. Muslims who don’t eat pork and Hindus who believe the cow to be sacred- had to break cartridges w. their teeth. They believed they were being forced to violate their religion. -
However the difference being that the British were trying to subjugate a country. While the Indians were trying to overthrow their oppressors.
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government officials created boundaries for the colonies that are still in place today.
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Geographical information compiled by explorers & adventurers held great interest for European imperialists.
Henry Stanley of Belgium established a colony called Congo Free State, 1870’s.
Taking advantage of Egypt’s unrest, Britain occupied Egypt, 1882. -
European leaders wanted to avoid war…
Agree upon carving up African continent into colonies.
Drawn up without African participation.
Provided the basis for the subsequent partition (break up), invasion, and colonization of Africa by various European powers.
European armies sent to consolidate their claims & impose colonial rule. -
The Indian National Congress, colloquially the Congress Party but often simply Congress, is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa.
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separation was an official government policy which lasted for many decades
Today, many Aboriginal people do not know their origins: which tribe they are descended from or the names of their parents and or grandparents. They are a lost generation. -
they attempt to throw out the foreigners.
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the Commonwealth of Australia was established
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Immigration Restriction Act of 1901: restricted migration to people primarily of European descent.
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he Battle of Tsushima:
The results startled the world! -
The All-India Muslim League (popularised as the Muslim League) was a political party established in 1906 in British India. Its strong advocacy, from 1930 onwards, for the establishment of a separate Muslim-majority nation-state, Pakistan, successfully led to the partition of India in 1947 by the British Empire.
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Melbourne served as the national capital until Canberra was completed in
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federal government began to pass legislation to help the Aborigines
It was widely seen as affirmation of the Australian people’s wish to see its government take direct action to improve the living conditions of Aborigines -
all legal ties with the British Empire were severed.
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55% of voters rejected the idea of becoming an independent republic.
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the day i was born