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Before: Mapp V ohio
A search warrant was needed for a suspect bomber. They found incriminating pictures but the supreme court agreed with Mapp no warrant means any evidence found is not credible. https://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/educational-resources/supreme-court-landmarks/mapp-v-ohio-podcast#:~:text=The%20U.S.%20Supreme%20Court%20ruled,Courts%20for%20educational%20purposes%20only. -
Case info:Aguliar V Texas
Police of texas wanting to search Aguliar for suspicion of illegal drugs from a credible source. Agulilar poses the warrant that was approved was only on hearsay. Therefore the supreme court overturned texas since having a warrant on hearsay is a violation of the 14th amendment reasonable requirement. https://ballotpedia.org/Aguilar_v._Texas -
After Citizens been affected
Gave more restrictions for getting a warrant on individuals since there can be issues relying on informants.
https://library.fiveable.me/key-terms/civil-rights-civil-liberties/aguilar-v-texas#:~:text=Fourth%20Amendment%20rights.-,Aguilar%20v.,cause%20when%20relying%20on%20informants. -
Case info:14th amendment involvement
Due process clause under the 14th amendment, No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/essay/amdt14S13/ALDE_00013743/#:~:text=No%20State%20shall%20make%20or,equal%20protection%20of%20the%20laws -
After: Used as a precedent
In Aguilar v. Texas, the Supreme Court established that for probable cause based on an informant's tip to be valid, law enforcement must demonstrate two key criteria: the credibility of the informant and the basis of their knowledge.
https://library.fiveable.me/key-terms/civil-rights-civil-liberties/aguilar-v-texas#:~:text=based%20probable%20cause%3F-,In%20Aguilar%20v.,the%20basis%20of%20their%20knowledge. -
After: Effect
established the Aguilar–Spinelli test, a judicial guideline for evaluating the validity of a search warrant based on information provided by a confidential informant or an anonymous tip.
https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/378/108/ -
After: State Law Change
Yes needed test for valid search warrant. (1) the judge must be informed of the reasons to support the conclusion that such an informant is credible; and (2) the judge must be informed of the underlying circumstances of the person providing the information.
https://ballotpedia.org/Aguilar_v._Texas -
Spinell V United States
Not enough evidence, gained legally, to prove there was a crime. (based on the fourth amendment)
https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/393/410/ -
Illinois V gates
Aguilar-Spinell overturned by Illinois V gates Replaced test by “totality-of-the-circumstances test” decisions are based on all available information rather than bright-line rules.
https://www.lsd.law/define/totality-of-the-circumstances-test#:~:text=Term%3A%20Totality%2Dof%2Dthe,an%20arrest%20or%20search%20warrant.