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The Ten Percent Plan provided that once 10 percent or more of the voting population of any occupied state had taken an oath of allegiance to the Union, they were authorized to set up a loyal government. (www.sitemason.com) (www.maxrambod.com)
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After refusing to recognize Lincoln's 10 percent governments, Congress passed the Wade-Davis Bill which stated that 50 percent of the voters take an oath of future loyalty before the restoration process could begin. (www.us.history.wisc.edu)
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The Reconstruction policy Johnson initiated, appointed provisional governors chosen from prominent southern politicians to lead the Confederate states. (www.independent.co.uk)
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The House and Senate refused to seat recently elected southern delegation. Instead of endorsing Johnson's work and recognizing the state governments he had called into being. (www.old-picture.com)
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The Freedmen's Bureau was a temporary agency set up to aid the former slaves. Republicans were shocked Johnson would veto such a modest way of dealing with African Americans. (www.laitnamericanstudies.org)
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The second act that Johnson vetoed was the civil rights act. The civil rights act was to nullify Black Codes and guarantee freedom to all. (www.cdn.dipity.com)
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Republicans on captiol Hill, feared Johnson would not enforce civil rights legislation, in so Congress passes the Fourteenth Amendment which gave the federal government responsibility for guaranteeing equal rights under law to all Americans. (www.memory.loc.gov)
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The Republican majority in Congress increased to a solid two-thirds in both houses, and the Radical wing of the party gained strength at the expense of moderates and conservatives. (www.crittercollectables.com)
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The Reconstruction Act passed over Johnson veto, it placed the South under rule of the army by spliting the region into 5 military districts. It did not last long, for other acts allowed states to reenter the union by creating a new constitution. (www.fordham.edu)
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In January, Johnson ordered General Grant take head of the War Department. Grant had the presidential nomination in his sight and therefore did not defy congress. Johnson then appointed Lorenzo Thomas to serve, which was an apparent violation of the Tenure of Office Act, therefore Johnson was impeached. (www. wikipedia.org)
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Once blacks were given equal rights by the Freedmsn's bureau and the Civil Rights Act, they flocked to elections to get their voice heard in congress. (www.tc.pbs.org)
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In 1868 Grant was elected as president. Many histroians blame Grant for the corruption of his administration and for the inconsistency and failure of his southern policy. He had neither the vision nor the sense of duty to tackle the difficult challenges the nation faced. (www.gryphonscry.files.wordpress.com)
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The Republican effort to make equal rights for blacks the law of the land culminated in the Fifteenth Amendment. Passed by Congress in 1869 and ratified by the states in 1870, the amendment prohibited any state from denying a male citizen the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. (www.usneakydevilu.files.wordpress.com)
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The Force Acts, also known as the Ku Klux Klan acts, made interference with voting rights a federal crime and established provisions for government supervision of elections. (www.nickryan.net)
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Grant's second administration seemed to bear out the reformers' worst suspicions about the corruption in high places. In 1875, the public learned that federal revenue officials had conspired with disillers to defraud the government of millions of dollars in liquor taxes. (www.media-2.web.britannic.com)
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The panic of 1873, which brought much of the economy to its kness, led to a revival of agitation to inflate the currency. (www.toonpool.com)
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In 1875, Congress, led by Senator John Sherman of Ohion, enacted the Specie Resumption Act, which provided for a limited reduction of greenbakcs leading to a full resumption of specie payments by January 1, 1879. (www.cartoonstock.com)
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In 1875, the public learned that federal revenue officials had conspired with distillers to defraud the government of millions of dollars in liquor taxes. (www.harpweek.com)
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The outcome of the election remained undecided for months. To resolve the impasse, Congress appointed a special electoral commission of fifteen members to determine who would recieve the votes of the disputed states. (www.nndb.com)
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What precisely was agreed to and by whom remains a matter of dispute; but one thing at least was understood by other sides; Hayes was to be president and southern blacks were abandoned to their fate. (www.3.bp.blogspot.com)
