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1944-1960: Maurice Duplessis as Premier
:he was committed to defending QC’s autonomy.
:Duplessis economic policies was based on ECONOMIC LIBERALISM=private companies
:this led to new towns such as schefferville and gagnon were established, railways and port facilities were also built in the cote nord region in order to transport natural resource
the main groups of people who opposed his way of governing were trade unions, artists, intellectuals who also opposed the strong controls of the Catholic (slide 25) (Santamaria, p.51) -
Act to Promote Rural Electrification
maurice cared about the rural economie so his goal was modernize rural areas and farms this lead to his gov’t adopted a law to promote rural electrification this action led to farmers increase their production and require less workers ex: the electric milking machine = more agriculture products
(Santamaria, p.52) -
Refus Global Manifesto Published
In 1948, 15 young artists published a manifesto (a public declaration that presents a decision or a position) the purpose of this manifesto was to denounced the churches influence over quebec society and held the church responsible for quebec’s cultural step backs. trudeau,george pelletier and rené levesque founded a magazine titled “cité libre - this magazine spoke very poorly about duplessis and his union mainly due to his secular way of governing (Santamaria, p52) -
Adoption of the Fleurdelisé (Québec’s Flag)
duplessis and his government created the quebec flag
He and his government did this because he wanted to have more quebec autonomy.
in doing so the quebec citizens were happy (santamaria 51) -
Asbestos Strike
Unions often came into conflict with the Duplessis government especially when they went on strike 1949 - the asbestos strike 5000 miners went on strike
Duplessis reaction was to declared the strike illegal because he supported mine owners in doing so Duplessis used the provincial police force to break up the strike aka violence (santamaria 52) -
Arrival of Television in Québec
With Quebec in a economic boom more people had money to spend so people bought tvs With more households owning televisions, quebecers became more exposed to american culture Canadian broadcast stations aired many american shows which conveyed american values Through tv and movies, quebec culture became influenced by american culture which valued freedom,material comfort,individualism, and economic success = the american dream (santamaria 53) -
Québec Introduces Provincial Income Tax
another way Duplessis felt the need to increase quebec autonomy.
in doing so he created a provincial tax.
He made quebec standout as a province. (santamaria 52) -
Rise of Consumer Society in Québec
1960s wages paid to workers increased with more money people can afford to spend more money for consumer goods Many goods became more affordable which meant that they were more accessible for people to buy society made new markets and new products fashion and advertising was at a rise and played a growing impact (santamaria 62) 3 problems were
1 Household debt
2 Increased waste
3 increase in the of cars and trucks on the road led to a huge increase in air pollution -
Election of Jean Lesage’s Liberal Government
people of quebec elected the quebec liberal party led by jean lesage he will be in power in quebec from 1960 until 1966 during his time he started to modernize quebec
(santamaria 55) -
Rise of Americanism
Due to increase of television more american culture was shown to quebec. in doing so American values such as freedom,material comfort,individualism, and economic success. these were american core values. these ideas led influence quebec citizens (santamaria 53) -
Creation of the Department of Cultural Affair
1961 the lesage government created the department of cultural affairs to promote quebec’s development in the arts. This was to help make quebec more cultural also created the office de film du québec
that lead to the QC government to financially supporting the film production in quebec. The lesage government also created the department de la langue français this also helped promoting the french language in qc (santamaria 58) -
Nationalization of Electricity
USA private companies used to own quebec electricity the lesage government decided to nationalize all electricity production in quebec the quebec government bought out all of the private electricity companies in quebec the slogan was the slogan used was "now or never masters of our own house" this led to more jobs, maximize the profits from the production and To make sure a more supply of electricity so that remote regions in quebec would have more electricity.
(santamaria 57) -
Establishment of CEGEPs and Université du Québec
The union nationale continued to apply the recommendations of the parent report with regard to quebec education The modernization of the education system promoted increased schooling particularly among francophones There was also a large increase in the number of females attending school Since most people finished education in high school
the cegeps and the université du quebec network was created They made these with the goal to have a more educated population (santamaria 59) -
Bill 16 – Married Women Gain Legal Independence
Marie Claire Kirkland Casgrain was the first woman elected to the quebec legislative aka national assembly she was responsible for bill 16 bill 16 is the law respecting the legal capacity of married women this law allowed married women to carry out financial transactions and sign legal documents without requiring their husbands consent this bill helped women be more independent and have more equal rights. (santamaria 65) -
Creation of the Ministry of Education
quebec education was in decline due to the catholic church this led to the Creation of the Ministry of Education in its report it stated for a higher quality public education system that would be accessible to all children in all regions of quebec regardless of their social economic class and fro co-ed learning. the union national applied the recommendations of the parent report with regard to quebec education this helped paved the way to the modernization of education (santamaria 59) -
Birth Rate Drops in Québec
There was a birth decline in quebec due to women were working more so they were unable to look after large families the use of the birth control pill became more popular idea of traditionalism was slowly disappearing in quebec society=less focus on having large families (Santamaria 62) -
Expo 67
Expo 67 was hosted in montreal this gave quebecers an opportunity to show off montreal they showed the world that they lived in a modern society by presenting their technological, economic, and artistic abilities to the world like montreal’s metro system (STM) (santamaria 61) -
Bill 63
the union nationale passed a law to promote the french language in quebec ( bill 63 ) law allowed parents to choose the language for school that their children would learn also introduced french as a second language course in anglophone schools to boosted french this made Francophone parents unhappy they felt that this language law was not strong enough (Santamaria 60) -
Introduction of Québec’s Medicare System
bourassa government adopted the health insurance act the act lead to free healthcare services to all quebec citizens. people were very happy because health care was very expensive and now people can get the care they need for FREE! also CLSC’S /service centers provide free of charge health and social services such as vaccinations for children (santamaria 66) -
First Oil Crisis Begins
1973 war broke out between israel and a group of arab countries = the yom kippur war Since canada chose israel side the opposing arab countries decided to raise the price of oil per barrel and they decided to decrease its production of oil Canada had to deal with an oil shortage and increased the price of oil and gasoline this led to an increase in the cost of transportation of goods which caused a period of inflation
santamaria 69 -
Bill 22
the bourassa government passed the official language act (bill 22)
1 It made french the provinces only official language
2 It limited access to english language schools
only children with very good english could go to anglophone schools
reactions:
Francophones felt that this language law was not strong enough
2. Anglophones and Allophones believed that this language law was to diminish their language rights so they protested (santamaria 71) -
James Bay Hydroelectric Project
This was an agreement signed in 1975 between the QC government, the cree and the inuit of northern james bay. this project was to the build hydroelectric dams but threatened hunting and fishing for cree and inuit points of the agreement
they got protection of ways of live, 2 school boards in the region, exclusive hunting and fishing rights, the right of self govt, financial compensation, QC gov was allowed to continue to exploit the region.
(santamaria 68) -
Adoption of Québec’s Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
the bourassa government adopted the quebec charter of human rights and freedoms this document recognized that all individuals are equal the quebec human rights commission was created in quebec due to the charter of Human Rights The commission goal was to make sure that the rights in the charter were respected the commission also provided information to the quebec public through publications and by investigating of discrimination in quebec
(santamaria 67) -
Bill 101
many allophones immigrants integrate into the anglophone community especially in montreal This language law required that the children of immigrants in quebec had to go to a francophone elementary and high school french was the only language allowed to be used on commercial and public signs. Many anglo-quebecers believed threatened their english rights due to that Some anglo-quebecers had a hard time finding their place in a francophone society so they moved to provinces santamaria 72 -
Economic Downturn
there was a global economic recession this global economic recession there was an increase in the unemployment rate a second oil crisis occurred which led to an increase in inflation Industrial relocation many quebec manufacturing companies relocated to countries who paid their workers lower wages=job loses increase in unemployment=slowed economic growth in quebec in order to recoup this lost revenue the quebec gov had to increase taxes in the province
(santamaria 73)