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Mussolini was appointed as Italy's prime minister by King Victor Emmanuel III. This March marked the beginning of an era ruled by dictatorship in Italy, because King Victor Emmanuel III rejected the order Luigi Facta (the Prime Minister before Mussolini) gave. The order was called the "state of siege" for Rome (because fascist troops was gathered outside of Rome, which was a threat) made Mussolini even more confident to take over the government totally, which it eventually led to. -
Joseph Stain, was a controversial Russian leader who was the secretary-general of the communist party of the Soviet Union. After Lenin died, Stalin was the one taking over the power in 1924. Although he made the Soviet one major world powers, he failed promoting individual prosperity and individual freedom during his time as a secretary general. He became a Dictator by using strategic political maneuvering, systematic elimination of his rivals and exploiting his role as a Secretary General. -
During Hitler's time in prison, serving a sentence for a failed coup he attempted to. In "Mein Kampf" he presented himself as the leader, and he wrote about his ideology and his youth. What Hitler also included, was his vision for future Germany, and his hatred towards Jews. He wanted to expand the German territory and his desire to throw out the Jews (because in his opinion, they "threatened the survival of the German people"), showing that he already had racist ideas before he came to power. -
The first five-year plan in USSR was a list of economic goals, implemented by Joseph Stalin. The first five-year plan's purpose was to quickly transform the Soviet Union from a backward cultivated country into a more modern, and industrialized socialist state. This included developing major industries such as mining, machinery, and steel to create a stronger industrial base. Additionally, collectivization, national defense, and centralized control was implemented as well during this "plan". -
Japan's military was depending on natural resources such as coal and iron, which they lacked during the 1900's. This made them desiring Manchuria's resources, and is the main reason why Japan invaded Manchuria. The invasion was brutal and left scars long after the invasion. Due to its brutality, it got condemned by the League of Nations; however, Japan did not really care of the League of Nations condemnation of them. -
The Holodomor was a giant man-made famine, made by Joseph Stalin, and was killing millions of Ukrainians in the 1930s. It is an event that is still significant today in Ukrainian History because of its cruelty. Stalin's intention was to "crush" Ukrainian nationalism and to force the collectivization of agriculture. The Holodomor is an event that clearly describes the consequence it had by turning a poor harvest into a catastrophic, genocidal event. -
Hitler was appointed as Chancellor by President Paul von Hindenburg. Hitler was not directly elected, but he got appointed by backroom negotiations and legal political processes. During that period of time, Germany was experiencing significant political deadlock, meaning that the country's party cannot agree on a certain issue, making them "stuck". Also, the country was experiencing an economic crisis after World War One, resulting in people desiring change to the better for their country. -
The night of the Long knives, happening in Germany, was a purge made by Hitler that aimed to eliminate his rivals within his Nazi party. His plan was to appease the German army, by curbing the SA's power and silence the conservative critics like Franz von Rapen, cementing Hitler's rule as "Führer". This plan was solely made by Hitler for himself to become a dictator over Germany. -
The Nuremburg laws was racist and antisemitic laws that was enacted by the Nazi Germany, which normalized racial discrimination and provided the "legal" framework for the Jew persecution. The first law (The law for protection of German blood and German honor): prohibited marriages between Jews and "German nationals" and those who had "German blood".The second (The Reich Citizenship Law): This took Jews German citizenship away, and reclassified them as "state subjects" with no political rights. -
The Italian invasion of Ethiopia was mostly because Mussolini wanted to gain colonies, and the only country left in africa not being colonized was Ethiopia. This has been seen, after everything before and during world war, as a significant mark on when world war 2 actually got triggered to begin. The Italian army could continuously push a little further onto Ethiopia's outlines because the Ethiopian army was not either prepared or well armed, which made it harder for them to fight back. -
The Spanish Civil War was fought between the Nationalists and Republicans, and was rooted in a deep and long timed division between the Spanish society, which was fueled by: clashes in different ideologies the nation over, political instability, military conservatism, economic inequality (land/poverty) and regionalism.The military coup 1936 started the Spanish Civil War, led by the left wing generals, against the right wing generals. Because they lost control, it resulted in a brutal civil war. -
The Great Purge, (also called Great terror) was a political campaign that was led by Joseph Stalin with the intention of eliminating people from the communist party, and also anyone else that he saw as a threat. The first event that started the Great Purge was the assassination of Sergei Kirov. About 750,000 people got executed, and millions of people got sent to labor camps, also known as Gulags. This event has impacted the whole country and its societies a long time after it even happened. -
The Rape of Nanking, also known as the Nanjing Massacre, was a horrific event when Imperial Japanese forces brutally murdered thousands of people (both soldiers and civilians), and sadly thousands of women and girls got raped and sexually assaulted. Nanjing, where everything happened, was left totally broken down in only some ruins left when the terrifying event ended, and it took many years for the citizens and their city to recover from it. -
The "Kristallnacht", also known as The Night of Broken Glass", was a brutal event led by the top Nazi leaders, but mainly by Adolf Hitler and Joseph Goebbles. It was aimed to break down Jewish businesses, synagogues and more that were associated with Jews. Additionally, about 30,000 Jews was arrested and sent to concentration camps facing horrifying and traumatic experiences which will leave scars that have not even today got totally healed because of its brutality. -
The German invasion of Poland was the start of world war 2, and blitzkrieg tactics were used during it. The blitzkrieg tactics contained a coordinated land and air assault which was overwhelming the polish defense, making it a pretty easy invasion for Germany. Germany wanted to aim to regain the "land they lost" after the Versailles treaty post to world war 2. -
The attack in form of bombing, by Japan, on Pearl Harbor was done in order for Japan to get some more time to seize territories that are rich on their resources, like rubber and oil. This was because the United States had cut off the trade with Japan once Japan started to expand its territory through brutal methods, such as the Rape of Nanking.