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A time where there was a lot of peace and trade in india. This made India a world power and also made them extremely wealthy. Big part of the spice trade. Fought the Hindi for regional power. This brought down the local economy and turned India into a big war conflict.
Islam - Ruled the mughal empire, had very strict religious rules.
Sepoy - Indian soldiers used to fight in the war with Europe. Usually an army -
It was protected from western culture and industrialization, but this caused some problems with modernization.
Isolationism - It was segregating them from all civilizations besides for their own. This caused a lot more problems than good for japan though
Daimyo - They were the wealthy people of japan but they depended on agriculture production for money.
Samurai - A japanese warrior that is very strict about honor and is very well trained in combat. -
Gained land in India and finally was able to overthrow the regional leaders, defeat the French, and bring in a puppet government. By taking Bengal as a British territory, and the Mughal Empire unsuccessfully tried to take back this territory in the Bengal War. Over the course of 80 years, the British East India Company expanded their power, and by the 1800’s they controlled three-fifths of India.(Ebook) Passed the slavery act in 1843. Also outlawed the Caste System (religious system in India).
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known for exporting luxury goods / materials (silk, porcelain, and tea) with Europe in exchange for money. Exported more goods than they imported, caused Europe's silver storages to become less and less; was a struggle for Europe due to China not wanting anything but silver and gold. Britain used both their silver + India's cotton to get what they wanted from the Chinese government. Led to Europe not being able to trade with China too often.
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Britain made this and sold it to China as a very addictive substance. They asked for silver in exchange for the opium and this caused the flow of silver to change and this made the Chinese population to be addicted / dependent on opium which caused them to need the British trade route. In the 1800 the Chinese government banned opium in all of China. Britain relied on smugglers to get it into China due to them now not selling silver for opium.
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They were now seriously taking opium seriously and punishing individuals who did use opium and they started penalizing smugglers. Lin Zexu pushed for all outside trade to be banned until Britain stopped sending smugglers into China with Opium. Along with this Lin attacked British ships and would destroy any opium they found on the ship. November, tensions were overwhelming and this caused British and Chinese warships to fire back and forth between each other causing the opium war.
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Opium Wars - lasted a little over 2 years. The British won mostly due to the industrial advantage compared to China. In 1842 China was forced to agree to the treaty of Nanjing.
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Treaty of Nanjing - Was forced to open 5 additional ports to foreign markets. Pay Britain steep indemnities. Give Hong Kong to Britain, along with giving the British merchants permission to live in China under British law.
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Indian Slavery Act 1843 - Outlawed any transfer of money between two sources under this act which eventually led to the abolishment of slavery.
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Taiping Rebellion - began 1850, was the most devastating peasant revolt in history right after Hong Xiuquan.
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Hong Xiuquan - 1850, created the Taiping Rebels. Were a cult-like group called the god worshiping society led by Hong Xiuquan. The group made up Hong's forces. He believed he was the Chinese messiah and was gonna lead China into a generation of christianity and communism. He joined other rebel forces of rebels.
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Millard Fillmore - 1853
Was the president of America at this time. -
Commodore Matthew Perry-1853
Was sent by the president to give a letter to the United States asking them if they’re willing to trade. -
Treaties of Tianjin - allowing foreign travel into the interior of China, providing even more trade ports, and allowing Christian Missionaries to travel through China. The ban on opium was also lifted. Another conflict followed shortly after and the Chinese were forced to give up more territory.
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This was the movement of moving India into Western industrialization. This brought them better health care and better transportation which led to a big population boom which caused a famine in India. Britain also helped make modern infrastructure and military support. Upper Indians were pressured by Britain to send their children into Britain to get a better education; Britain knew the up and coming generation knew about British society. This took away a lot of the cultural education.
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Favored-Nation Treaty - It was the treaty in which Japan signed to be able to have good trading routes with the U.S. It did set some unfair conditions towards Japan though.
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Empress Ci Xi
1861 - was elected to make the Qin Dynasty more powerful by trying to coup her son and make modern changes to China. She promoted western manufacturing, economy, government, and science. She reformed the education system along with industrializing the transport system. -
Iwakura Mission - around 1861 - 1865 This was the diplomat of Japan going to America unlucky for him it was right in the middle of the American Civil War. He saw first hand what war could do to the people and thought it was a better idea not going into a democratic republic. Written constitution in 1889. Taught them modern military weapons (how to use and make them)
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Meiji Restoration - 1868 - 1912 This started by getting rid of the shogunate and making a military government then eventually giving power back to the emperor. Started the modernization of Japan with western modernization ideas and practices.
Coup D’Etat - This was the act of the Samurai strengthening Japan's military while stopping conflict from growing in between territories and this caused Japan to quickly rise into becoming a majority power in Asia. -
Guang Xu - 1873, Ci Xi let her nephew (Guang) take power. He became emperor 1889 and was surrounded by a group of radical reformers who convinced Guang Xu to begin the period of
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Sino-Japanese War - 1884 While China was weak Japan attacked them and they lost Taiwan
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Indian National Congress - 1885, marked the beginning of national independence. Created through a Muslim league.
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The reformers were upset about the loss they faced to Japan and hoped that military and government modernization would give China a chance to be taken seriously on a global scale. The goal of the reformers was to modernize the civil service exam, promote the creation of new Western industries, streamline the government system to avoid bureaucratic corruption, and eliminate corruption in the education system. In 1898, Ci Xi, backed by the government's elite, staged a coup and retook the throne.
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Boxer Rebellion - Started when ci xi took power and was called boxers because of the martial arts they knew. Demanded all foreigners to be killed. The boxers lost a battle against japan and once again the chinese government had to give more rights to the western civilizations.
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Suez Canal - built in 1869. This allowed the British easy access to India. This led them not to have to travel across Africa so it was easier to control the land.