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Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts created the first artificial neurons, establishing foundational concepts for neural networks.
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Alan Turing published "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," introducing the Turing Test, which became a benchmark for evaluating machine intelligence.
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The Dartmouth Conference, organized by John McCarthy, officially coined the term "Artificial Intelligence" and set the stage for future research.
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Joseph Weizenbaum developed ELIZA, an early natural language processing program that simulated conversation.
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Shakey the robot was created, marking significant advancements in robotics and AI.
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Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert published "Perceptrons," which critiqued earlier neural network models and shifted focus toward symbolic AI.
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Albert Uttley introduced Informon for adaptive pattern recognition.
Hitachi demonstrated a robot capable of building objects based on drawings.
Tom Martin founded Threshold Technology, the first commercial company focused on speech recognition.
William Woods developed Augmented Transition Networks (ATN) for natural language processing. -
James Lighthill published a critical report on AI research, leading to significant funding cuts and skepticism about AI's potential. This period is often referred to as the "AI winter" due to decreased public interest and investment in AI technologies.